Printable/Searchable Help File This document is roughly 70 printed pages.

Overview Information for New Users ISI Citation Databases Available Databases Technical Support

Searching Easy Search Topic Search Person Search Place Search Full Search General Search Cited Reference Search Using Search Operators Using Wildcards Saving and Running Queries

Results Flowchart of Results Pages Results Summary Screen Results Full Record Screen Cited References Citing Articles Related Records Marked Records E-Mailing Records Exporting Records Ordering Records Printing Records Saving Records

Information for New Users

Welcome Welcome to the Web of Science. We hope you find this bibliographic data search tool helpful and easy to use. The help files contain much information about the Web of Science data, performing searches, and viewing the results. Use the links on this page for more information on these topics, or click the Help Contents button in the upper right corner to open the Table of Contents page. What Are the Citation Databases? The Web of Science accesses ISI's Citation Databases, which are multidisciplinary databases of bibliographic information gathered from thousands of scholarly journals. Using this Web product, you can search for a topic, author, sourct title, and/or author address within the Citation Databases. Once you find an article of interest, you have the ability to link directly to other articles on the same topic. You can even access articles that have been published after the article you are viewing; this is one of the most powerful features of the Web of Science. [More information on the databases] How to Use The Web of Science The Web of Science is designed to allow you to perform searches on our database and navigate easily through the results. [View a flowchart of the site] After you select a database and perform a search, a list of the titles of the articles are returned. Click an article title to view the full record (which includes the title, author, bibliographic information, abstract, and more). From a full record, you can view lists of the article's references, articles that cite the article, or articles that are related to (share references with) the article. Search Options The Web of Science provides three types of searching: General Search, Cited Reference Search, and Easy Search. General Search - Use this to search for articles by topic, author, source title, or author address. This is the most flexible search option. Cited Reference Search - Use this to find articles that have cited (included in their reference list) a specific work. Easy Search - This offers a simplified topic, person, or place search that returns a maximum of 100 results. Browser Requirements Netscape 4.0x or Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.0x.

ISI Citation Databases

ISI Citation Databases are multidisciplinary databases of bibliographic information gathered from thousands of scholarly journals. It is indexed so that you can search for specific articles by subject, author, journal, and/or author address. Because the information stored about each article includes the article's cited reference list (often called its bibliography), you can also search the databases for articles that cite a known author or work. Cited Reference Searching, unique to ISI, lets you use a given work as if it were a subject term to identify more recent articles on the same topic. For example, you can find all works that reference articles published by A. Williamson in 1995 in the Journal of Neurophysiology (J Neurophysiol). This type of searching often locates relevant articles that cannot be retrieved through traditional subject-author searching. Two search options are available: Easy Search - Offers a simplified topic, person, or place search that returns a maximum of 100 results. Full Search - Offers the full range of General Search and Cited Reference Search options and returns a site-configured maximum number of results. Data stored for each item in the databases include title, author(s), journal, issue, page(s), abstract, keywords (KeyWords Plus), author addresses, publisher, and more. These data are presented on the Full Record page. Once you find an article of interest, the Web of Science gives you the ability to link directly to other articles on the same topic, even articles that have been published after the article you are viewing. From the Full Record page, you can link to: Cited References – A list of records cited by the document you are viewing. Citing Articles – A list of records that cite the article you are viewing. Related Records – A list of records that share common references with the article you are viewing. The picture at the right shows the relationship between the Full Record and its Cited References, Citing Articles, and Related Records.

Science Citation Index Expanded Social Sciences Citation Index Arts & Humanities Citation Index ChemSciences Citation Index BioSciences Citation Index Clinical Medicine Citation Index Note: You may not have access to all the available databases. Science Citation Index Expanded The Science Citation Index Expanded is a multidisciplinary database, with searchable author abstracts, covering the journal literature of the sciences. It indexes more than 5,700 major journals across 164 scientific disciplines, covering approximately 2,100 more journals than its SCI print and CD-ROM counterparts, with all cited references captured. SCI Expanded: Provides access to current information and retrospective data from 1945 forward. Note: You may not have access to all data years Averages 17,750 new records per week. Includes approximately 362,000 new cited references per week. Includes approximately 775 new cited references to patents per week. Contains a current total of over 17 million records. As of January 1991, contains searchable, full-length, English-language author abstracts for approximately 70% of the articles in the database. Some of the disciplines covered include: Agriculture   Neuroscience Astronomy   Oncology Biochemistry   Pediatrics Biology   Pharmacology Biotechnology   Physics Chemistry   Plant Sciences Computer Science     Psychiatry Materials Science     Surgery Mathematics   Veterinary Science Medicine   Zoology Social Sciences Citation Index The Social Sciences Citation Index is a multidisciplinary database, with searchable author abstracts, covering the journal literature of the social sciences. It indexes more than 1,725 journals spanning 50 disciplines, as well as covering individually selected, relevant items from over 3,300 of the world's leading scientific and technical journals. SSCI: Provides access to current information and retrospective data from 1956 forward. Note: You may not have access to all data years Averages 2,700 new records per week. Includes approximately 50,500 new cited references per week. Includes approximately 138 new cited references to patents each week. Contains a current total of over 3.15 million records. As of January 1992, contains searchable, full-length, English-language author abstracts for approximately 60% of the articles in the database. Some of the disciplines covered include: Anthropology     Political Science History   Public Health Industrial Relations   Social Issues Information Science & Library Science     Social Work Law   Sociology Linguistics   Substance Abuse Philosophy   Urban Studies Psychology   Women's Studies Psychiatry     Arts & Humanities Citation Index Arts & Humanities Citation Index is a multidisciplinary database covering the journal literature of the arts and humanities. It indexes 1,144 of the world's leading arts and humanities journals, as well as covering individually selected, relevant items from over 6,800 major science and social science journals. A&HCI: Provides access to current information and retrospective data from 1975 forward. Note: You may not have access to all data years Averages 2,250 new records per week. Includes approximately 15,250 new cited references per week. Contains a current total of over 2.5 million records. Contains unique implicit citations that refer you to actual representations of a work of art or music score. Contains title enhancements added to ambiguous or hard-to-categorize article titles to clarify article contents. As of January 2000, the Arts & Humanities Index contains searchable, full-length, English-language author abstracts (as available) for the new articles entered into the database. Some of the disciplines covered include: Archaeology     Linguistics Architecture     Literary Reviews Art   Literature Asian Studies     Music Classics   Philosophy Dance   Poetry Folklore   Radio, Television, & Film History   Religion Language   Theater Chem Sciences Citation Index Chem Sciences Citation Index is a multidisciplinary database covering over 650 of the world's leading publications in the chemical sciences. CSCI: Provides access to current information and retrospective data from 1989 forward. Note: You may not have access to all data years Averages 2,100 new articles per week. Includes approximately 36,000 new cited references per week. Contains a current total of over 784,000 articles. As of January 1991, contains searchable, full-length, English-language author abstracts for approximately 70% of the articles in the database. Some of the disciplines covered include: Analytical Chemistry   Applied Chemistry Biochemical Research Methods     General Chemistry Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry     Medicinal Chemistry Organic Chemistry   Pharmacology & Pharmacy Physical Chemistry   Toxicology BioSciences Citation Index BioSciences Citation Index is a multidisciplinary database covering over 900 of the world's leading publications in the area of life sciences, with emphasis on molecular and cellular studies. BSCI: Provides access to current information and retrospective data from 1989 forward. Note: You may not have access to all data years Averages 2,900 new articles per week. Includes approximately 51,000 new cited references per week. Contains a current total of over 1.1 million articles. As of January 1991, contains searchable, full-length, English-language author abstracts for approximately 70% of the articles in the database. Some of the disciplines covered include: Biochemical Research Methods   Genetics & Heredity Biochemistry & Molecular Biology   Microbiology Biophysics   Pharmacology & Pharmacy Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology     Physiology Cell Biology   Toxicology Developmental Biology   Virology Clinical Medicine Citation Index Clinical Medicine Citation Index is a multidisciplinary database covering almost 2,100 of the world's leading publications in clinical research, dealing with both systems and clinical specialties. CLMI: Provides access to current information and retrospective data from 1989 forward. Note: You may not have access to all data years Averages 3,800 new articles per week. Includes approximately 67,800 new cited references per week. Contains a current total of over 1.4 million articles. As of January 1991, contains searchable, full-length, English-language author abstracts for approximately 70% of the articles in the database. Some of the disciplines covered include: Allergy   Anesthesiology Behavioral Sciences   Biomedical Engineering Cardiovascular Systems   Clinical Neurology Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine     Dermatology & Venereal Diseases Emergency Medicine & Critical Care     Endocrinology & Metabolism Gastroenterology & Hepatology   General & Internal Medicine Hematology   Immunology Infectious Diseases   Legal Medicine Medical Laboratory Technology     Microbiology Neurosciences   Nutrition & Dietetics Obstetrics & Gynecology   Oncology Opthalmology   Orthopedics Otorhinolaryngology   Parasitology Pathology   Pediatrics Peripheral Vascular Disease   Psychiatry Psychology   Public, Environmental & Occupational Health Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging     Rehabilitation Reproductive Biology   Respiratory System Rheumatology   Sport Sciences Substance Abuse   Surgery Transplantation   Tropical Medicine Urology & Nephrology   Virology

If you have any questions about the use of ISI Citation Databases, contact an ISI Technical Help Desk. The Help Desk answers questions about the citation index data, as well as questions about appropriate search and retrieval techniques. Questions about network connections and/or the use of your Web browser should be directed to your network administrator. ISI Technical Help Desk (This link opens a new browser window. Close that browser window to return to the Web of Science.)

Easy Search Page

Easy Search offers a simplified topic, person, or place search that returns a maximum of 100 results. To begin an Easy Search: Select one or more databases to search. The search will cover the entire time span indicated next to the database name and will return a maximum of 100 results. Click one of the following buttons to indicate what type of search you want to perform. Topic - Search for articles based on subject matter. Person - Search for articles by, about, or referring to the work of a specified person. Place - Search for articles based on author addresses.

To search for articles by topic: Enter a word or phrase that describes the subject matter of the articles as precisely as possible. You may also enter a series of words or phrases joined by search operators such as AND or OR. See Topic Search Rules for more information. Select the order in which you want the articles to be displayed. Click Search. Topic Search Examples Enter HEPATITIS to search for articles on this topic. Enter MAD COW DISEASE to search for articles on this topic. Enter AIDS OR HIV to search for articles on either topic. Enter HEPATITIS B AND HEPATITIS C to search for articles on both topics. More search examples Sort Order Relevance - Lists first those articles that contain the most frequent occurrences of the words and/or phrases you entered to describe your topic. Reverse chronological order - Lists most recent articles first based on the date on which the journal was processed at ISI. Topic Search Rules Use either upper, lower, or mixed case. For example, enter either NAFTA, Nafta, or nafta to search for articles on this trade agreement. Enter words and phrases without quotation marks. For example, enter GENETIC TESTING to search for articles containing this phrase. Words entered as a series with no punctuation separating them are assumed to be a phrase. Separate multiple words or phrases by search operators such as AND or OR. For example, enter CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME AND RADIAL TUNNEL SYNDROME to search for articles about both of these syndromes. Enter NAFTA OR NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT to search for articles that refer to this agreement by either its acronym or full name. You may use wildcard characters such as the question mark and asterisk to search for variants of words. The question mark can be used to represent any single character. The asterisk wildcard can be used to represent zero to many characters. In the Topic field, you must have at least three characters before an asterisk wildcard. Be aware that certain frequently used words such as A, AN, THE, OF and IN are stopwords that are not explicitly searchable even though they may be entered as part of a search phrase.

Using Easy Search, you can search for a person as: An author, finding articles written by that person (same as Author field on General Search page) A cited author, finding articles that refer to the work of that person (same as Cited Author on Cited Reference Search page) A subject, finding articles about that person (same as Topic on General Search page) Note on Author Names: When performing a person search on an author or cited author, your results may display a shortened version of the last name. Regardless, enter the full last name of the author when searching (if you know it); the Web of Science search engine will automatically adjust for data variations. More information on author names. Author Search To search for articles by a specific person: Enter the author's full last name followed by a space and up to 5 initials (leave them out if you don't know them). See Author Name Rules for more information. Click "Show me all the articles in the database that this person has authored." Click Search. Author Search Examples Enter CHANDLER to search for articles by any author whose last name is Chandler. Enter CHANDLER N* to search for articles by any author whose last name is Chandler, whose first initial is N, and who may have other subsequent initials (the asterisk stands for possible subsequent initials). Enter CHANDLER ND to search for articles by any author whose last name is Chandler and whose only initials are ND. Enter CHANDLER N* OR WILLIAMS C* to search for articles by either author. Enter CHANDLER N* AND WILLIAMS C* to search for jointly authored articles. Enter EL-EBIARY OR ELEBIARY to search for this author (with a hyphenated last name). Beginning with 1998 data, non-alphanumeric characters (e.g., the apostrophe in O'Brian or Paget's disease) and embedded spaces (e.g., the space in the last name de la Rosa) are preserved in many fields in the database. In order to search effectively across multiple years of data, you should be sure to enter search strings that take account of all possible variations of the data. Enter O'BRIAN C* OR OBRIAN C* to search for articles authored by C. D. O'Brian. Enter EL-EBIARY OR ELEBIARY to search for this author. Enter DE LA ROSA W* OR DELAROSA W* to search for articles authored by W. de la Rosa. More search examples Author Name Rules Use either upper, lower, or mixed case. For example, enter STERLING, Sterling, or sterling. Use a space to separate the last name and initial(s) For example, enter BARTHES R to search for Roland Barthes. Leave the initials out if you don't know them. For example, enter HAYDEN to search for any author whose last name is Hayden. Use an asterisk after the first initial if you don't know the other initials. For example, enter KREEGER K* to search for any author whose last name is Kreeger and whose first name starts with K. Note that entering Kreeger K will search for only those authors who have the single initial K. If the last name includes embedded spaces, enter the name both with and without spaces, joining the two versions of the name with OR. For example, enter DEVILLE* OR DE VILLE* for De Ville. If the last name includes a nonalphanumeric character, enter the name both with and without the character, joining the two versions of the name with OR. For example, enter OBRIAN OR O'BRIAN for O'Brian. Join multiple names with the search operators AND or OR according to what you want to retrieve. You may use wildcard characters such as the question mark and asterisk to search for variants of words. The question mark can be used to represent any single character. The wildcard can be used to represent zero to many characters. Cited Author Search To search for articles that refer to the work of a specific person: Enter the author's last name followed by a space and up to 3 initials (leave them out if you don't know them). Since authors are not always cited using all of their initials, you may want to enter the first initial followed by an asterisk, to retrieve all variants of the author's name. See Cited Author Name Rules for more information. Click "Show me all the articles in the database that cite this person's work." Click Search. Cited Author Search Examples Enter CHANDLER to search for any cited author whose last name is Chandler. Enter CHANDLER N to search for any cited author whose last name is Chandler and whose only initial is N. Enter CHANDLER ND to search for any cited author whose last name is Chandler and whose only initials are ND. Enter CHANDLER N* to search for any cited author whose last name is Chandler, whose first initial is N, and who may have other subsequent initials (the asterisk stands for possible subsequent initials). Enter OBRIAN OR O'BRIAN to search for any cited author whose last name is O'Brian. Enter BROSNANMYERS OR BROSNAN-MYERS to search for any cited author whose last name is Brosnan-Myers. Enter DEVILLE * OR DE VILLE * to search for any cited author whose last name is De Ville. Note that the two versions of the name are joined by OR, one version with the space and one without. Cited Author Name Rules Use either upper, lower, or mixed case. For example, enter STERLING, Sterling, or sterling. Use a space to separate the last name and initial(s) For example, enter BARTHES R to search for Roland Barthes as an author or cited author. Leave the initials out if you don't know them. For example, enter HAYDEN to search for any person whose last name is Hayden. Use an asterisk after the first initial if you don't know the other initials. For example, enter KREEGER K* to search for any person whose last name is Kreeger and whose first name starts with K. Note that entering Kreeger K will search for only those people who have the single initial K. If the last name is longer than fifteen characters, enter the first fifteen characters followed by an asterisk to represent the remaining characters. If the last name includes embedded spaces, enter the name both with and without spaces, joining the two versions of the name with OR. For example, enter DEVILLE * OR DE VILLE * for De Ville. If the last name includes a nonalphanumeric character, enter the name both with and without the character, joining the two versions of the name with OR.. For example, enter OBRIAN OR O'BRIAN for O'Brian. Join multiple names with the search operators OR to find references to any of the authors. You may use wildcard characters such as the question mark and asterisk to search for variants of words. The question mark can be used to represent any single character. The wildcard can be used to represent zero to many characters. Person as Subject Search To search for articles about a specific person: Enter the last name only when the name is sufficiently unique (e.g., CHAUCER). If you need to enter a first name, see Subject Search Rules. Click "Show me articles that are about this person." Click Search. Person as Subject Search Examples Enter DICKENS to search for articles about Charles Dickens. Enter BULWER LYTTON OR BULWERLYTTON to search for articles about William Bulwer Lytton. Enter OCASEY OR O CASEY to search for articles about Sean O'Casey. Enter EMILY SAME BRONTE to search for articles about Emily Bronte. Enter ROBERT SAME BROWNING to search for articles about Robert Browning. Person as Subject Search Rules Use either upper, lower, or mixed case. Enter only the last name, if the name is sufficiently unique. For example, entering THACKERAY is sufficient to search for articles about William Thackeray. If you need to include a first name, enter the name in both first last and last first format. For example, enter BROWN SAME CHARLES BROCKDEN to search for articles about Charles Brockden Brown. If the last name includes embedded spaces, enter the name both with and without the space. Join the two versions of the name with OR. For example, enter DELAMARE OR DE LA MARE to search for articles about Walter de la Mare. If the last name includes a nonalphanumeric character, enter the name both without the character and with the character replaced by a space. Join the two versions of the name with OR. For example, enter OCASEY OR O'CASEY for O'Casey. Join multiple names with the search operators AND or OR according to what you want to retrieve. You may use wildcard characters such as the question mark and asterisk to search for variants of words. The question mark can be used to represent any single character. The wildcard can be used to represent zero to many characters. When searching for a person as a subject, you must have at least 3 characters before the asterisk wildcard character. For example, enter ANDREW SAME JOH* to search for articles about Andrew Johnson.

To search for articles written by authors from a specific institution and/or geographic place: Enter a word or phrase from the author's address. Note that address elements are frequently abbreviated. See Place Search Rules for more information. For geographic places Enter a place identifier such as a country or state/province abbreviation or a postal code. For institutions Enter a name such as a corporation or university name. For institutions in a specific place Enter the institution name followed by SAME and a place identifier. For a specific department/division of an institution Enter the institution name followed by SAME and the department/division name. Click Search. Place Search Examples Enter NY to search for records that include NY in the address field. Enter IBM to search for records that include IBM in the address field. Enter IBM SAME NY to search for articles in which IBM and NY appear in the same address (to find an author whose address is one of IBM's New York facilities). Enter RUTGERS to search for records that include RUTGERS in the address field. More search examples Place Search Rules Use either upper, lower, or mixed case. For example, enter MERCK, Merck, or merck to search for authors whose address includes this company name. When searching for a state or province as a location, enter the name using the two-character postal abbreviation. For example, enter PA to search for authors whose address is in the state of Pennsylvania. Enter PQ to search for authors whose address is in the province of Quebec. Check the list of state/country name abbreviations. Check the list of corporate and institution abbreviations to see if an institution name such as Centers for Disease Control should be abbreviated. For example, this list indicates that you should search for authors whose address includes the National Institutes of Health by entering NIH instead of the full institution name. Note that even corporate and institutional names that do not appear on this list may be abbreviated in ISI's database if the address appears abbreviated in the source publication. Note also that searching for some very common words/abbreviations (e.g., UNIV for University) is disallowed in the Place field, as such searches would return too many results. These disallowed words may, however, be used in a search phrase with other words that narrow the search (e.g., UNIV PENN). Check the list of other address abbreviations to see if any other part of the author's address, such as the street address or department/division name, should be abbreviated. Also check the state/country name abbreviation lists for abbreviations of U.S. states and countries. For example, this list indicates that the words EAST and EDUCATION (as in Department of Education) should be abbreviated as E and EDUC when they appear in an author's address. Separate values with the OR operator to search for records containing any value in the list. For example, enter USDA OR FDA to search records with either institution in the address field. Separate values with SAME to search for records containing the search terms in the same address. For government agencies, companies, or universities with multiple locations, you can enter the institution name and a location to search for records where the search terms appear in the same author address. For example, enter IBM SAME JAPAN to search for records where IBM and JAPAN appear in the same address. You may use wildcard characters such as the question mark and asterisk to search for variants of words. The question mark can be used to represent any single character. The wildcard can be used to represent zero to many characters.

Full Search Page

Full Search offers the full range of General Search and Cited Reference Search options and returns a site-configured maximum number of results. (The default number of results is 500 if sorted by "Latest date" or "Relevance," and 300 if sorted by "Times Cited," "First author," or "Source Title.") If you want to find more than the maximum number of results, try searching the data in segments. One way to do this is searching only one year of data at a time. Select the database(s) you want to search by clicking the checkbox next to the databases. If you don't select a database, the default is all available databases. (Note: Not all databases are available to all institutions; you probably will not see all six databases listed here.) Science Citation Index Expanded Social Sciences Citation Index Arts & Humanities Citation Index Chem Sciences Citation Index BioSciences Citation Index Clinical Medicine Citation Index Select the time period you want to search by clicking the radio button next to: This week's update - Searches the mostly recently loaded single week of data. Latest 2 Weeks - Searches the most recent two weeks of data. Latest 4 Weeks - Searches the most recent four weeks of data. All years - Searches the entire range of years that appears beside the names of the database(s) you have selected. Year selection - Searches only the years you have checked (using the checkboxes). See the year range beside the database name to see what years are available for each database. Note: The database year refers to the year that an article's information was entered into the ISI database and not to when the article was published (the two are not necessarily the same). Select the type of search by clicking: General Search - Searches for articles by subject, author, journal, or author address. Returns a site-configured number of results. Cited Ref Search - Searches for articles that have cited (included in their reference list) a known work. Returns a site-configured number of results. Using Saved Query - Accesses directions for how to select and run a query you have previously saved.

General Search Page

To search the database(s) you selected for articles based on what you know about their subject matter, authorship, source publication, or author address(es): Click General Search from the Full Search page. Click Clear to remove search parameters from previous searches. Enter information in one or more search fields. (The search fields are automatically combined using the Boolean "AND" operator, so using more than one field will narrow your search. For instance, if you enter a word in the Topic field and a name in the Author field, only those records that contain the topic word in the title, abstract, or keywords and are by that author will be found.) The search fields are: Topic Author Source Title Address Select any of the following options (scroll down to the bottom of the General Search page) Select language and document type limits. Select the sort option. The sort options are: Latest Date (default; newest record first) Times Cited (ranked by the number of times the work was cited in other works) Relevance (ranking system based on frequency of search terms) First Author (first author listed; alphabetical) Source Title (alphabetical order based on the source (e.g., journal) title) Optionally Save Query. Click Search to retrieve the records in the database that match the search criteria. Search Examples: Enter MAD COW DISEASE in the Topic field to search for articles on this topic. Enter FOUCAULT  M* in the Author field to search for articles written by this author (use the * wildcard to cover any additional initials). Enter JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE in the Source Title field to search for articles from this journal. Enter PENN STATE in the Address field to search for articles written by authors whose addresses include this university.

You can search for Topic, Author, Source Title, and Address. See the explanations below for examples of how to use the search options. To perform a search, you must enter search strings in one or more fields. The different search fields are automatically combined using the "AND" Boolean operator, which narrows your search by finding only records that meet the search statements in all the fields. For instance, if you enter a word in the Topic field and a name in the Author field, only those records that contain the topic word in the title, abstract, or keywords fields and that are by that author will be found. General search field rules: Use either upper, lower, or mixed case. For example, entering AIDS, Aids, or aids will find the same results. Enter words and phrases without quotation marks. For example, enter GENETIC TESTING to search for articles containing this phrase. Words entered as a series with no punctuation separating them are assumed to be a phrase. Separate two or more terms by logical operators such as AND or OR. The OR operator instructs the search engine to find records containing any one of the search terms in a given field. The AND operator instructs the search engine to find records containing all of the search terms specified in a given field. Other search operators are available. For example, enter MAD COW DISEASE OR BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY to search for articles containing either one of these phrases. For example, enter BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY AND SCRAPIE to search for articles containing both of these terms. Use quotation marks around the words AND, OR, NOT, SAME, or SENT in any field when you do not intend these words to serve as search operators. For example, to search for works authored by William Or, enter "OR" W. To search for works authored by O. R. Koechli, enter KOECHLI "OR". Use the asterisk and question mark as wildcards to search for variants of words. For example, enter ENZYM* to search for words that start with these letters but end with any group of letters (e.g., ENZYME, ENZYMATIC, ENZYMOLOGY). Search for hyphenated words/phrases by entering the terms both without the hyphen and with the hyphen replaced by a space. Join the two versions of the term with OR. However, for an author search, enter the name both with and without the hyphen (no space). For example, to search for works containing the word PRE-RAPHAELITE, enter PRE RAPHAELITE OR PRERAPHAELITE in the Topic field. To search for works containing the word X-RAY, enter X RAY OR XRAY. For example, enter EL-EBIARY OR ELEBIARY in the Author field to search for this author. Search for words/phrases containing apostrophes or other internal punctuation by entering the terms both with and without the punctuation mark. Join the two versions of the term with OR. Alternatively, use the asterisk wildcard. For example, to search for the author O'Brien, enter OBRIEN OR O'BRIEN. For example, to search for the topic Kaposi's sarcoma, enter KAPOSI* SAME SARCOM* See the explanations below for details on each search field and examples on using the search fields. Topic Search Field - Enter a word or phrase that might appear in the article title, abstract, or keyword list. Use the Title only checkbox to restrict the search to article titles. Join multiple words or phrases connected with the Boolean operators AND, OR, NOT, SAME, and SENT. You can enter complete words/phrases or partial words/phrases using the wildcards. See Search Field Rules for more information on entering search terms. Note that certain frequently used words (e.g., words such as A, AN, THE, OF, IN) are not searchable in the Topic field. These stopwords may be entered as part of a phrase, but they will not be explicitly searched. Instead, they will act as word wildcards. For example, searching for DEATH IN VENICE returns you any article that contains the words DEATH and VENICE separated by any single word. Topic Search Examples: (more examples) Enter HEPATITIS to search for records containing this word. Enter MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES to search for records containing this phrase. Enter HEPATITIS AND HEMODIALYSIS to search for records containing both these words. Enter HEPATITIS B OR HEPATITIS C to search for records containing either of these phrases. Enter CHEM* to search for words starting with these letters and ending with any group of letters (e.g., CHEMISTRY, CHEMICAL, CHEMIST, CHEMISTS). Enter DERMATOS?S to search for words that consist of the specified letters with any single letter in the place of the question mark (e.g., DERMATOSIS or DERMATOSES). Author Search Field - Enter an author/editor name with the last name first, followed by a space and up to 5 initials. Unless you know all initials in an author's name, put an asterisk after the initial(s) you have entered (e.g., HOFFMAN E*). You may also enter last names without initials. Join multiple names with the search operators AND, OR, and NOT. You may use wildcard characters such as the question mark and asterisk to search for variants of words. The question mark can be used to represent any single character. The wildcard can be used to represent zero to many characters (including no characters). See Search Field Rules for more information on entering search terms. Note that the ISI databases contain the names of all authors/editors associated with a document. Note on Author Names: When performing a search on a cited author, your results may display a shortened version of the last name. Regardless, enter the full last name of the author when searching (if you know it); the Web of Science search engine will automatically adjust for data variations. More information on author names. Author Search Examples: (more examples) Enter CHANDLER to search for articles by any author whose last name is Chandler. Enter CHANDLER N* to search for articles by any author whose last name is Chandler, whose first initial is N, and who may have other subsequent initials (the asterisk stands for possible subsequent initials). Enter CHANDLER ND to search for articles by any author whose last name is Chandler and whose only initials are ND. Enter CHANDLER N* OR WILLIAMS C* to search for articles by either author. Enter CHANDLER N* AND WILLIAMS C* to search for jointly authored articles. Beginning with 1998 data, non-alphanumeric characters (e.g., the apostrophe in O'Brian) and embedded spaces (e.g., the space in the last name de la Rosa) are preserved in many fields in the database. In order to search effectively across multiple years of data, you should be sure to enter search strings that take account of all possible variations of the data. Enter O'BRIAN C* OR OBRIAN C* to search for articles authored by C. D. O'Brian. Enter EL-EBIARY OR ELEBIARY to search for this author (with a hyphenated last name). Enter DE LA ROSA W* OR DELAROSA W* to search for articles authored by W. de la Rosa Source Title Search Field - Enter a full or partial (truncated) source title. You can copy titles from the source list (accessible from the search page). Join multiple titles with the search operator OR. You may use wildcard characters such as the question mark and asterisk to search for variants of words. The question mark can be used to represent any single character. The wildcard can be used to represent zero to many characters (including no characters). For example, if you enter a partial title, end it with an asterisk (e.g., JOURNAL OF MATERIALS *). See Search Field Rules for more information on entering search terms. Source Title Examples: (more examples) Enter JOURNAL OF CELL TRANSPLANTATION to search for articles in this journal. Enter JOURNAL OF CELL * to search for articles in any journal whose name begins with these words. Address Search Field  - Enter an institution and/or place name from an author's address to search for records based on address. Note that institution and place names are frequently abbreviated in the ISI databases. Refer to the lists of abbreviated street address and department/division names, state/country names, and corporate and institution names. Join multiple words or phrases with the Boolean operators AND, OR, NOT, SAME, and SENT. You may use wildcard characters such as the question mark and asterisk to search for variants of words. The question mark can be used to represent any single character. The asterisk can be used to represent zero to many characters (including no characters). See Search Field Rules for more information on entering search terms. Note that certain frequently used address items (e.g., words such as UNIV, MED, PHYS) are not searchable by themselves in the Address field. These disallowed words may be entered as part of an address phrase, such as PENN STATE UNIV. Address Search Examples: (more examples) Enter TUFTS to search for articles in which at least one author has an address that includes TUFTS UNIVERSITY. Enter CDC to search for articles in which at least one author has an address that includes CDC. Enter IBM SAME NY to search for articles in which IBM and NY appear in the same address (to find an author whose address is one of IBM's New York facilities).

Set Limits Two optional restriction lists enable you to limit your search to items written in a specific language or records of a specific document type. You may select one or more options from each list. To select more than one item in a list, Ctrl-click (Windows) or Command-click (Macintosh) each item. Note that these restrictions stay in effect until they are cleared by clicking Clear. Note also that the restrictions do not apply unless you have entered data in at least one search field. Sort Option Sort options include: Latest Date - (The default sort option.) Sorts retrieved records based on the date the publication was processed at ISI, with the most recently processed records listed first. (Up to 500 results returned.) Relevance - Sorts retrieved records based on a ranking system that considers how many of the search terms are found in each record, how frequently the search terms appear, and how close together the occurrences are. Records with the highest ranking appear at the top of the list. (Up to 500 results returned.) Times Cited - Sorts retrieved records based on the number of times the work was cited in other works. (Up to 300 results returned.) First Author - Sorts retrieved records in alphabetical order, based on the last name of the first listed author. (Up to 300 results returned.) Source Title - Sorts retrieved records in alphabetical order, based on the source (e.g., journal) title. (Up to 300 results returned.)

The Search Results Summary page displays a list of records retrieved by a search, with articles identified by the first three authors (et al. is appended to indicate more than three authors), title, and source journal information. At the top of the page, the search fields and their contents are displayed. The total number of records found by your search is displayed at the bottom of the Search Results Summary page. (The Summary page also displays by clicking "Summary" on a full record accessed from the Marked Records page) To see more information about an article on the list - Click the article title to see the full record for this article in the ISI database. To print, save to a file, export, or e-mail information about an article Click the checkbox to the left of the author name to select an article. Submit your selection(s) by clicking Submit Marks. (Note: Remember to submit the selected records before leaving the currently displayed page of results.) Click Marked List to display the Marked Records page. (Note: The Marked List button appears in the toolbar after marking records and clicking Submit Marks or after clicking Mark Page or Mark All.) Follow the instructions for the Marked Records page to print or export one or more records. To order the full text of an article (Note: Availability of this option depends on your institution's subscription.) Click the checkbox to the left of the author name to select an article. Submit your selection(s) by clicking Submit Marks. Click Marked List to display the Marked Records page. (Note: The Marked List button appears in the toolbar after marking records and clicking Submit Marks or after clicking Mark Page or Mark All.) Follow the instructions on this page to order the text of an article. To navigate through this list - Click the navigation arrows or the page numbers to move through the data. Note that any marked records will be automatically submitted to the Marked List. To add individual records to your marked list - Click the checkbox to the left of the author name to select each article. Click Submit Marks. (Note: The Marked List button appears in the toolbar after marking records and clicking Submit Marks or after clicking Mark Page or Mark All.) To mark or unmark all 10 items on the page - Click Mark Page. All the records on the page will be marked and the Mark Page button will become Unmark Page. (Note: To clear the entire Marked List click Clear Marked List on the Marked List page or start a New Session.) To mark all items in the summary list - Click Mark All. All the records displayed in the summary list (on all pages) will be marked (up to the maximum allowed). If the number of marked records exceeds the limit allowed, a message will display. (Note: To clear the entire Marked List click Clear Marked List on the Marked List page or start a New Session.) To print this list - Use the print option of your Web browser.

Topic Examples Word/phrase examples Search operator examples Wildcard examples Topic word/phrase examples Some simple examples of topic searches are single words or phrases that describe, as precisely as possible, the subject matter of the article you are looking for. For example: Searching for ROBOTICS returns records containing this word in the title, abstract, or keyword list. Searching for MEDICAL ROBOTICS returns records containing this phrase in the title, abstract, or keyword list. Topic search operator examples Search operators can be used to refine topic searches. For example, the most common operators -- AND and OR -- combine search terms to narrow or broaden your search. The NOT operator can be used to exclude records containing certain words or phrases from your search. AND - Use AND to find records that contain all of your search terms/phrases. For example: Searching for SEROTONIN AND SCHIZOPHRENIA returns records containing both words. Searching for SEROTONIN AND SCHIZOPHRENIA AND DOPAMINE will return records containing all three words. OR - Use the OR operator to find records containing occurrences at least one of the search words or phrases. For example: Searching for CELL OR CELLS returns records containing either the singular or plural form of the word. Searching for AIDS OR HIV OR ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME OR HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS returns records containing any one of these terms or phrases. Searching for SAMUEL L CLEMENS OR MARK TWAIN in the Topic field will return records containing either of these names. NOT - Use the NOT operator to exclude records containing certain words from your search. For example: Searching for SUICIDE NOT PHYSICIAN-ASSISTED returns records containing the word SUICIDE but without the phrase PHYSICIAN-ASSISTED. Searching for SUICIDE NOT (PHYSICIAN-ASSISTED OR DOCTOR-ASSISTED) will further limit your search to records containing the word SUICIDE but without either the phrase PHYSICIAN-ASSISTED or DOCTOR-ASSISTED. The parentheses are used in this example to indicate that the OR operator should be evaluated before the NOT operator. SAME/SENT - Use the SAME or SENT operators to find records in which the search terms joined by SAME or SENT occur within the same sentence (where sentence is understood to be a period-delimited string). (Note: In Keywords and Keywords Plus, both terms must occur within the same keyword phrase – not simply the entire list.) For example: Searching for PRENATAL SAME DISLOCATION returns records containing both of these words in the same sentence (in the title, abstract, or keyword phrase). Topic wildcard examples Wildcards are critical in topic searches to retrieve variants of words. The asterisk wildcard represents any group of characters, including no character. In the Topic field, you must have at least 3 characters before the asterisk. The question mark wildcard represents any single character. You can use these wildcards within and at the ends of terms. For example: Searching for SUPERCONDUCT* returns records containing words like SUPERCONDUCTOR, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY, SUPERCONDUCTORS, SUPERCONDUCTIVE. Searching for SUL*UR returns records containing SULPHUR or SULFUR. Searching for EPINEPHRIN* returns records containing both EPINEPHRIN and EPINEPHRINE. Searching for EN?OBLAST returns records containing both ENDOBLAST and ENTOBLAST. Searching for EPISTAS?S returns records containing both EPISTASIS and EPISTASES. Person/Author Examples Simple examples Search operator examples Wildcard examples Person/Author simple examples Some simple examples of person/author searches are those in which you know the exact spelling of the person's name and can enter that, along with the exact initials. For example: Searching for STEVENS AW as an author returns records for works authored by A.W. Stevens. Person/Author search operator examples Search operators are useful in person/author searches when you want to search for more than one person or more than one spelling of a name. For example: Searching for STEVENS OR STEPHENS as an author returns records for works authored by anyone whose last name is Stevens or Stephens. Searching for OBRIEN OR O'BRIEN returns records for works authored by anyone whose last name is O'Brien. Person/Author wildcard examples Wildcards are useful in person/author searches to retrieve records when you do not know the exact spelling of a person's name or an author's exact initials. The asterisk wildcard represents any group of characters, including no character. The question mark wildcard represents any single character. You can use these wildcards within and at the ends of terms. For example: Searching for YAO?ANG returns records with an author whose last name is a variation with any letter in the place of the question mark (e.g., YAOBANG or YAOPANG). Searching for BART* returns records with an author whose last names are or start with BART (e.g., BART, BARTE, BARTH, BARTHE, BARTHES). This use of the asterisk is helpful when you do not know the exact spelling of a person's name. Searching for HOFFMAN E* returns records with an author whose last name is HOFFMAN, whose first initial is E, and who may have other initials after E (including no other initials). Unless you are sure that you know all the initials associated with an author's name, you should get in the habit of placing an asterisk after the initial(s) you enter. Keep in mind that searching for HOFFMAN E will retrieve only records for authors with that single initial. It will not retrieve articles by authors such as E.T. HOFFMAN or E.T.A. HOFFMAN. Also, searching for HOFFMAN ET will not retrieve records where the author is listed as HOFFMAN E. Source Title Examples Wildcards are useful in Source Title searches to retrieve records when you do not know the entire or exact title of a journal. The asterisk wildcard represents any group of characters, including no character. The question mark wildcard represents any single character. You can use these wildcards within and at the ends of terms. For example: Searching for ARCHITECT* returns records for journals whose titles begin with words that start with ARCHITECT and end with any group of letters, including no letters, such as ARCHITECTURE, ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW, ARCHITECTURAL DIGEST, ARCHITECTURA, and ARCHITECTURE & URBANISM. Searching for CH?MI* returns records for journals whose titles begin with words such as CHEMIST, CHEMISTRY, CHEMICAL, CHIMIA, CHIMICA, and CHEMIE. Place/Address Examples Simple examples Search operator examples Wildcard examples Place/Address simple examples Some simple examples of place searches are those in which you want to find articles whose authors are associated with a single company, research lab, or university. In this case, you can enter an institution name or abbreviation. For example: Searching for SANDIA returns records for works authored by researchers at Sandia National Laboratories. Searching for IBM returns records for works authored by researchers at IBM. Searching for SANDOZ returns records authored by researchers at Sandoz. Searching for DREXEL returns records authored by researchers at Drexel University. Place/Address search operator examples Search operators are useful in place/address searches to search for single addresses. If an article has multiple authors, all author addresses are included in the address field, with each address ending with a period. In order to search most effectively for a single address within the field, you can use the search operator SAME to limit your search to records containing the specified search terms within the same sentence, where a sentence is assumed to be a period-delimited string. SAME is more useful than AND in this case, because AND operates across the entire field (thus, in some cases, across multiple addresses). For example: Searching for SO CALIF* AND VIENNA returns records that contain these two items (Southern California and Vienna) anywhere in the address field, even if the words appear in different authors' addresses. Searching for THOMAS SAME WATSON returns records that contain these two words within the same address (e.g., authors whose address is IBM's THOMAS J WATSON RESEARCH CENTER). Place/Address wildcard examples Wildcards are useful in place/address searches to retrieve records when you do not know the exact spelling of a corporate/institution name or the way in which it may have been abbreviated in the database. The asterisk wildcard represents any group of characters, including no character. The question mark wildcard represents any single character. You can use these wildcards within and at the ends of terms. For example: Searching for UNIV* MIAMI SAME PED* returns records where the University of Miami and any word starting with the letters PED are in the same address. Even though "univ" is a stopword in the address field, it can be used as part of a phrase. Searching for CHILDREN* HOSP* SAME PHILA* returns records with Childrens Hospital in Philadelphia as an address.

Stopwords are frequently used words such as articles (e.g., a, an, the), prepositions (e.g., of, in, for, through), and pronouns (e.g., it, their, his) that may be included in topic search phrases but are not explicitly searchable. For example, entering THROUGH THE LOOKING GLASS in the Topic field will return records that include the phrase LOOKING GLASS preceded by any two words. The stopwords THROUGH and THE are treated as wildcards that match any two words. Because stopwords are not explicitly searchable, you should not enter search phrases composed entirely of stopwords. Such searches will return no results. The following words are considered stopwords. Note that this list is subject to change. A-D A ABOUT ABOVE ACCORDING ACROSS ACTUAL ADDED AFTER AGAINST AHEAD ALL ALMOST ALONE ALONG ALSO AMONG AMONGST AN AND AND-OR AND/OR ANON ANOTHER ANY ARE ARISING AROUND AS AT AWARD AWAY BE BECAUSE BECOME BECOMES BEEN BEFORE BEHIND BEING BELOW BEST BETTER BETWEEN BEYOND BIRTHDAY BOTH BUT BY CAN CERTAIN COME COMES COMING COMPLETELY CONCERNING CONSIDER CONSIDERED CONSIDERING CONSISTING DE DEPARTMENT DER DESPITE DISCUSSION DO DOES DOESNT DOING DOWN DR DU DUE DURING E-R EACH EITHER ESPECIALLY ET FEW FOR FORWARD FROM FURTHER GET GIVE GIVEN GIVING HAS HAVE HAVING HIS HONOR HOW IN INSIDE INSTEAD INTO IS IT ITEMS ITS JUST LET LETS LITTLE LOOK LOOKS MADE MAKE MAKES MAKING MANY MEET MEETS MORE MOST MUCH MUST MY NEAR NEARLY NEXT NOT NOW OF OFF ON ONLY ONTO OR OTHER OUR OUT OUTSIDE OVER OVERALL PER POSSIBLY PT PUT REALLY REGARDING REPRINTED S-Z SAME SEEN SEVERAL SHOULD SHOWN SINCE SO-CALLED SOME SPP STUDIES STUDY SUCH TAKE TAKEN TAKES TAKING THAN THAT THE THEIR THEM THEN THERE THEREFROM THESE THEY THIS THOSE THROUGH THROUGHOUT TO TOGETHER TOWARD TOWARDS UNDER UNDERGOING UP UPON UPWARD VARIOUS VERSUS VERY VIA VOL VOLS VS WAS WAY WAYS WE WERE WHAT WHATS WHEN WHERE WHICH WHILE WHITHER WHO WHOM WHOS WHOSE WHY WITH WITHIN WITHOUT YET YOU YOUR

Some words and abbreviations occur so frequently in addresses that searching on these words by themselves is disallowed. For example, entering UNIV by itself in the Address field, would search for every record in which at least one author had a university address containing the UNIV abbreviation. The number of results returned would be so large as to be useless. For this reason, using any of these words or abbreviations by themselves in the Address field will generate an error indicating the query was not understood. Joining disallowed words with the OR operator also generates an error, unless the words are used in conjunction with an allowed word. For example, you may not search for UNIV OR PENN, but you may search for UNIV PENN OR UNIV PA. The following words are, by default, disallowed in the Address field (when used by themselves). Note that the list is configurable and therefore may be different at your site. CHEM COLL CTR D DEPT DIV ENGN HOSP INST LAB MED PHYS RES SCH SCI ST UNIV

Cited Reference Search

Cited reference searching enables you to find articles from journals that have cited a book, a patent or another article. Through a cited reference search, you can discover how a known idea or innovation has been confirmed, applied, improved, extended or corrected. In the Arts & Humanities Citation Index, cited reference searching also enables you to find articles that make reference to and/or include an illustration of a particular work of art or piece of music. To learn more about cited reference searching and to see sample searches in the Web of Science and the ISI Citation Indexes on CD, see the Cited Reference Searching: An Introduction (this link will open a new browser window). To perform a cited reference search on the database(s) you selected: Click Cited Ref Search from the Full Search page. The Cited Reference Lookup page is displayed. Click Clear to remove search parameters from previous searches. Enter values in the search fields on the Cited Reference Lookup page. Click Lookup to display the Cited Reference Selection page, which lists the references that match your search criteria. (Note that the number of references shown can be limited by your site administrator; you will receive a warning if your search results exceed the limit.) On the Cited Reference Selection page, select references of interest by clicking the checkboxes or Select All (which selects all the references on the current page). Click Search to retrieve the articles that cite the selected references. Search Example: To search for articles that have cited the book Grammatology by Jacques Derrida: On the Cited Reference Lookup page, enter DERRIDA J* in the Cited Author field. It is advisable to truncate after the first initial using the asterisk wildcard character in case the author uses a second given name or initial. Enter GRAMMA* in the Cited Work field. By truncating the book's title, you can find references that contain different spellings of the book's title. Click Lookup. The Cited Reference Selection page, which lists the references found by the lookup, is displayed. Click Select Page to select all the references with J Derrida as the cited author and Grammatology (or its variants) as the cited work. Click Next Ten. Click Select Page again. Repeat this until you come to the end of the list. (You may reach a limit to the number of references you can select for a search. If this happens, you should limit the file depth to just one or two years of data before doing the cited reference search.) Click Search. The Cited Reference Search Results -- Summary page is displayed. These are the articles that cite Grammatology by J. Derrida.

The Cited Reference Lookup page is the first step in a Cited Reference Search. The lookup will return a list of cited references that match the search criteria. To perform a lookup: Enter search strings in one or more fields, which are: Cited Author Cited Work Cited Year (The different search fields are automatically combined using the "AND" Boolean operator, which narrows your search by finding only records that meet all criteria. For instance, if you enter a name in the Cited Author field, a journal title in the Cited Work field, and a year in the Cited Year field, then only those records by that author that were published in that journal in that year will be returned in the Cited Reference Selection page.) Click Lookup to display the Cited Reference Selection page, which lists the references that match your search criteria. (Note that the number of references shown can be limited by your site administrator; you will receive a warning if your search results exceed the limit.) Cited Reference field rules: Use either upper, lower, or mixed case. Separate two or more terms by the logical operator OR. The OR operator instructs the search engine to find records containing any one of the search terms in a given field. For example, enter CRICK OR WATSON to search for cited articles by either of these authors. Use quotation marks around the words AND, OR, NOT, SAME, or SENT in any field when you do not intend these words to serve as search operators. For example, to search for cited works authored by William Or, enter "OR" W. To search for works authored by O. R. Koechli, enter KOECHLI "OR". Use the asterisk and question mark as wildcards to search for variants of words. Enter DEMAN P* to look up references to works where P DEMAN is listed as the first author, but you are not sure of the other initials.. Search for words/phrases containing apostrophes or other internal punctuation by entering the terms both with and without the punctuation mark. Join the two versions of the term with OR. For example, to search for the cited author O'Brien, enter OBRIEN OR O'BRIEN. Enter EL-EBIARY OR ELEBIARY to search for this cited author (with a hyphenated last name). See the explanations below for details on each search field and examples on using the search fields. Cited Author Search Field - Enter the last name of the work's first listed author. If the citation refers to a journal article covered as a source item in the Web of Science published during the time span covered by your institution's subscription, you can enter the name of any of its authors. If the name is longer than 15 characters, truncate after the fifteenth character. Follow the last name with a space and up to 3 initials. It is advisable to use only the first initial followed by an asterisk. You may use the asterisk wildcard character to search for variants of words. The asterisk wildcard can be used to represent zero to many characters (including no characters). Note: If the Cited Lookup Limit is reached, all first-listed-author cited items are listed first; those of secondary authors may not be listed. Note on Author Names: When performing a search on a cited author, your results may display a shortened version of the last name. Regardless, enter the full last name of the author when searching (if you know it); the Web of Science search engine will automatically adjust for data variations. More information on author names. Cited Author Search Examples: Enter DEMAN P* to look up references to works where P DEMAN is listed as the first author. Enter MANNING GH to look up references works where GH MANNING is listed as the first author. Enter HAMBLETON G* OR RUSSELL R* to look up references to works where either G HAMBLETON or RL RUSSELL is listed as the first author (as well as other authors with the same last name and first initial). Beginning with 1998 data, non-alphanumeric characters (e.g., the apostrophe in O'Brian or Paget's disease) and embedded spaces (e.g., the space in the last name de la Rosa) are preserved in many fields in the database. In order to search effectively across multiple years of data, you should be sure to enter search strings that take account of all possible variations of the data. Enter O'BRIAN C* OR OBRIAN C* to search for references authored by C. D. O'Brian. Enter DE LA ROSA W* OR DELAROSA W* to search for references authored by W. de la Rosa. Cited Work Search Field - For journals, enter an abbreviated journal title. Use the journal abbreviation list as a guide, but consider other ways a journal may have been abbreviated. Join multiple journal titles with the search operator OR. You may use the asterisk wildcard character to search for variants of words. The asterisk wildcard can be used to represent zero to many characters (including no characters). In the Cited Work field, you must have at least three characters before an asterisk wildcard. It is advisable to truncate, even if you cut and paste from that list. Cited Work Search Examples: Enter ACAD* MED* to look up references to articles published in the journal Academic Medicine. Enter J AM CHEM* OR J AMER CHEM* OR JACS* to look up references to articles published in the journal Journal of the American Chemical Society. Enter MARKET* SCI* to look up references to articles published in the journal Marketing Science. Enter NATURE* to look up references to articles published in the journal Nature, Nature Genetics, or Nature Medicine. For books, enter the first significant word or words of the title. It is advisable to truncate because of variant spellings. Also, titles of cited works may be in languages other than English. Always truncate the last word. For example: Enter STRU* ANTHR* to look up references to the book Structural Anthropology. Enter LISTEN* PROZAC* to look up references to the book Listening to Prozac. Enter HENS TEETH* to look up references to the book Hen's Teeth and Horse's Toes. For patents, enter the patent number. Do not specify a country code. For example: Enter 5015744 to look up references to patent number 5015744. Cited Year Search Field - Enter a four-digit year or series of years separated by the OR operator to indicate when the work was published (for patents, use the date of issue). Use this in combination with the other Cited Reference Search fields for the best results. Cited Year Examples: Enter CROW in the Cited Author field and 1995 in the Cited Year field if you know the work by that author was published in that year. Enter SCOTT F* in the Cited Author field and 1994 OR 1995 OR 1996 if you think the work by that author was published within a year of 1995.

The Cited Reference Selection page is the second step of a Cited Reference Search. This page displays the results of your Cited Reference Lookup. It lists all the cited references in the database that satisfy the cited author, cited work, and cited year criteria you entered. Each reference that appears is cited by at least one article in the Web of Science. The references are listed 10 at a time (site configurable), sorted alphabetically by cited author and then by cited work. Your site administrator may limit the total number of references that display. Click the navigation arrows or the page numbers to move through the data. The number in the Hits column to the left of each reference indicates the number of times the article is cited in all years of the Web of Science currently available in the database. For Internet customers, this is all data years for the Web of Science (even though you may not have purchased access to all years); for intranet customers, this is all years that you've purchased. Consequently, when you click Search, the number of citing articles you retrieve may not match the number of Hits in the Cited Reference Selection if: You limited the time span at the start of your session You are an Internet customer and your institution does not subscribe to all the years of the Web of Science available Also, the number of articles retrieved will be less than the number of Hits in the Cited Reference Selection if there are multiple hits by the same article (an article cites the individual work more than once). To navigate through this list - Click the navigation arrows or the page numbers to move through the data. To search for/retrieve the records of the citing articles: Select the reference(s) of interest by checking the box beside the name of each item. Optionally, click Select All to select all the references on the current page. Select any of the following options (scroll down to the bottom of the Cited Reference Selection page) Select language and document type limits. Select the sort option. The sort options are: Latest Date (default; newest record first) Times Cited (ranked by the number of times the work was cited in other works) Relevance (ranking system based on frequency of search terms) First Author (first author listed; alphabetical) Source Title (alphabetical order based on the source (e.g., journal) title) Click Search to retrieve the articles that cite the selected references.

Set Limits Two optional restriction lists enable you to limit your search to items written in a specific language or records of a specific document type. You may select one or more options from each list. To select more than one item in a list, Ctrl-click (Windows) or Command-click (Macintosh) each item. Note that these restrictions stay in effect until they are cleared by clicking the Clear button. Note also that the restrictions do not apply unless you have entered data in at least one search field. Sort Option Sort options include: Latest Date - (The default sort option.) Sorts retrieved records based on the date the publication was processed at ISI, with the most recently processed records listed first. (Up to 500 results returned.) Relevance - Sorts retrieved records based on a ranking system that considers how many of the search terms are found in each record, how frequently the search terms appear,and how close together the occurrences are. Records with the highest ranking appear at the top of the list. (Up to 500 results returned.) Times Cited - Sorts retrieved records based on the number of times the work was cited in other works. (Up to 300 results returned.) First Author - Sorts retrieved records in alphabetical order, based on the name of the first listed author. (Up to 300 results returned.) Source Title - Sorts retrieved records in alphabetical order, based on the source (e.g., journal) title. (Up to 300 results returned.)

This page displays the results of the second step of your cited reference search: it lists articles whose reference lists include the work(s) you selected on the Cited Reference Selection page. These articles are presumed to be related in subject to the works you selected, since they cite one or more of these work(s). To see more information about an article on the list - Click the article title to see the full record for this article in the ISI database. To print, save to a file, export, or e-mail information about an article Click the checkbox to the left of the author name to select an article. Submit your selection(s) by clicking Submit Marks. Click Marked List to display the Marked Records page. (Note: The Marked List button appears in the toolbar after marking records and clicking Submit Marks or after clicking Mark Page or Mark All.) Follow the instructions for the Marked Records page. To order the full text of an article (Note: Availability of this option depends on your institution's subscription.) Click the checkbox to the left of the author name to select an article. Submit your selection(s) by clicking Submit Marks. Click Marked List to display the Marked Records page. (Note: The Marked List button appears in the toolbar after marking records and clicking Submit Marks or after clicking Mark Page or Mark All.) Follow the instructions for the Marked Records page to order the text of an article. To navigate through this list - Click the navigation arrows or the page numbers to move through the data. Note that any marked records will be automatically submitted to the Marked List. To add individual records to your marked list - Click the checkbox to the left of the author name to select each article. Click Submit Marks. (Note: The Marked List button appears in the toolbar after marking records and clicking Submit Marks or after clicking Mark Page or Mark All.) To mark or unmark all 10 items on the page - Click Mark Page. All the records on the page will be marked and the Mark Page button will become Unmark Page. (Note: To clear the entire Marked List click Clear Marked List on the Marked List page or start a New Session.) To mark all items in the summary list - Click Mark All. All the records displayed in the summary list (on all pages) will be marked (up to the maximum allowed). If the number of marked records exceeds the limit allowed, a message will display. (Note: To clear the entire Marked List click Clear Marked List on the Marked List page or start a New Session.) To print this list - Use the print option of your Web browser.

For performance reasons, the Web of Science administrator can specify the maximum number of citations returned by a Cited Reference Lookup (the first step of the cited reference search). If your citation list exceeds this maximum, you will be notified and given the opportunity to refine your search criteria. For example, entering DARWIN as a cited author will return many more citations than most site administrators allow. A search such as this will result in the following message: NOTICE: Your Cited Reference Lookup found more matches than allowed by the system. You can further refine your lookup by adding additional terms and pressing Lookup. Or you can proceed and view the matches processed by pressing "Show." Respond to such a message by: Specifying additional search values such as a cited work and/or cited year to restrict the number of records returned and clicking Lookup again. Clicking Show to display as much of your list as the site limit allows. This list will be displayed 10 records at a time (site configurable), sorted by cited author and cited work, but it will be incomplete. You will see the maximum number of allowed records given in parenthesis at the end of the information line that displays below the page title (e.g., (500 shown)). If you want to find more than the maximum number of results, try searching the data in segments. One way to do this is searching only one year of data at a time.

The Cited Author in a cited reference is the first listed author of the cited item. Therefore, when you perform a cited reference search, you should enter the name of the first author of the work as the Cited Author in the Cited Reference Lookup. However, if the citation refers to a journal article published during the time span covered by your institution's subscription to the Web of Science, then your lookup will find any of the authors. When you click Lookup, you will see the name preceded by an ellipsis in the Cited Reference Selection Table. This only works for references to journal articles that have been indexed for the ISI Citation Databases. When you locate a record in this manner, it is recommended that you repeat the search using the first author of the article as the Cited Author. This way, you will retrieve all the variations of the cited item that are in the database. Note: If the Cited Lookup Limit is reached, all first-listed-author cited items are listed before those of secondary authorship.

A unique feature of ISI's Arts & Humanities Citation Index is that it includes citations to works of art (books, paintings, photographs, architectural drawings, musical scores) that are mentioned or reproduced in an article but not formally cited by the article's author(s). For example, an article that analyzes the structure of a Bach cantata may not explicitly reference the cantata in a footnote or endnote. But ISI creates a reference to this work and adds it to the list of references cited by the article. As a result, you can use the Cited Reference Search option to search for the article by entering BACH J* as the cited author and CANTAT* as the cited work. Keep in mind that cited works may be in a language other than English. Thus, for example, to do a cited reference search on Thomas Mann's Doctor Faustus, you should enter DOCT* OR DOKT* in the Cited Work Lookup field to match Doctor, Docteur, and Doktor. Implicit citations appear on the Cited Reference Selection page with cited author (musician, artist, etc.) and cited work listed. The volume field contains the code IMP to indicate an implicit citation. The following codes appear in the volume field to indicate that the citing article contains a reproduction of the cited creative work: ILL - Illustration MUS - Musical Score

Abstracts

Starting with 1991 data, English-language abstracts written by the author are included in the Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Sciences Citation Index, Arts & Humanities Citation Index, Chem Sciences Citation Index, BioSciences Citation Index, and the Clinical Medicine Citation Index for all articles where one is provided with the original publication. The full text of the abstract can be searched, viewed, printed, and exported.

Author Name Data For source records, ISI captures (enters into our database) the complete last names and up to 5 initials of each author. For cited references, ISI captures a maximum of 18 characters (up to 15 characters for the last name, a space, and two initials) of the first listed author. However, during data years 1965 to 1974, source author names were captured with a maximum of 11 characters: eight character last names, followed by a space or a period (if truncated), and up to two initials. If the length of the last name permitted, more than two initials were captured. For example, source authors were captured during 1965-1974 like this: A. Johnston was captured as JOHNSTON A D.E. Hofstadter was captured as HOFSTADT.DE A. Rodriguez was captured as RODRIGUE.A A. Rodrigues was captured as RODRIGUE.A G.E.P. Box was captured as BOX GEP Searching for an Author Regardless of the differing lengths of author names explained above, enter the full last name of the author when searching (if you know it); the Web of Science search engine will automatically adjust for data variations. Refer to the help on author searching (on the General Search page, Cited References Search page, or Easy Search page) for search rules and examples. Search Results The only possible false hits occur in the data years 1965-1974 if the first eight characters of the last name searched are the same as the first eight characters of another author's last name. For example: If you perform a general search for the author JOHNSTONE B, you will find all the works by JOHNSTONE B. However, for data years 1965-1974, you will also find all the works by authors where the first eight characters of the last name match. That is, you will also find records in which an author is listed in the source record as JOHNSTON.B (this name was truncated to eight characters), who may or may not be the same author, and as JOHNSTON B (this name exactly eight characters). If you perform a cited reference search for the author CHRISTIANSEN C, you will find all the cited works by CHRISTIANSEN C. However, for data years 1965-1974, you will also find cited works where the first eight characters of a truncated last name match. That is, you will also find records in which a secondary author is listed in the source record as CHRISTIA.C (this name was truncated to eight characters), who may or may not be the same author. Note: For data years 1965-1974, while the Cited Reference Selection page may display the full name of the primary author (up to 15 characters) the full record will display the data from the source record, which may have a shortened version of the name (up to 11 characters). For secondary authors, both the Cited Reference Selection page and the full record will display the data from the source record, which may have the shortened version of the name (up to 11 characters).

Since many of the articles covered in the Citation Databases cite non-periodical literature such as books, you can perform Cited Reference Searches on book titles. You should identify a book by entering the name of the first listed author in the Cited Author field and the abbreviated first word or words of the title in the Cited Work field. If you are not sure if or how a word has been abbreviated, enter the first few letters of the word, followed by an asterisk. For example, to search for records of articles that cite Edith Hamilton's book Mythology, you might enter HAMILTON E* in the Cited Author field and MYTH* in the Cited Work field. This search would find the work whether or not its title has been abbreviated.

Since some of the articles covered in the Science Citation Index Expanded database cite patents, you can perform Cited Reference Searches on patents. Enter the patent's first author in the Cited Author field or the patent number in the Cited Work field. For example, to find the 1912 U.S. patent number 1030304 by H. Hollerith, you could enter 1030304 in the Cited Work field. Note: If you also subscribe to Derwent Innovations Index and the patent is included in the Derwent database, the patents listed on the Cited References Selection page will be linked to the full patent record in Derwent Innovations Index. View the Derwent Innovations Index product page for more information (this link opens a new browser window).

Authors sometimes provide a list of keywords or terms that they feel best represent the content of their paper. These keywords are contained in the ISI record (1991 data forward, depending on the database) for each article and are searchable. In addition, ISI generates KeyWords Plus for many articles. KeyWords Plus are words or phrases that frequently appear in the titles of an article's references, but do not necessarily appear in the title of the article itself. KeyWords Plus may be present for articles that have no author keywords, or may include important terms not listed among the title, abstract, or author keywords.

Records in the ISI database include a document type indicator that categorizes articles using content/format categories such as Article, Book Review, Editorial, Letter, Correction. You may limit your search by selecting a single document type or group of document types. To select more than one item in a list, Ctrl-click (Windows) or Command-click (Macintosh) each item. The default selection is all document types. Document types are: Art Exhibit Review Article Bibliography Biographical-Item Book Review Chronology Correction, Addition Dance Performance Review Database Review Discussion Editorial Excerpt Fiction, Creative Prose Film Review Hardware Review Item About An Individual    Letter Meeting Abstract Music Performance Review Music Score Music Score Review News Item Note Poetry Press Digest Record Review Reprint Review, Bibliography Script Software Review Theater Review TV Review, Radio Review, Video Review

Records in the ISI database include a language indicator that categorizes articles by the language in which they are written, with articles in more than one language categorized as Multilanguage. You may limit your search by selecting a single language or a list of languages. To select more than one item in a list, Ctrl-click (Windows) or Command-click (Macintosh) each item. The default selection is all languages. Languages are: Afrikaans Arabic Bengali Bulgarian Byelorussian Catalan Chinese Croatian Czech Danish Dutch English Estonian Finnish Flemish French Gaelic    Galician Georgian German Greek Hebrew Hungarian Icelandic Italian Japanese Korean Latin Latvian Lithuanian Macedonian Malay Multilanguage Norwegian    Persian Polish Portuguese Provencal Rumanian Russian Serbian Serbo-Croatian Slovak Slovene Spanish Swedish Turkish Ukrainian Welsh

The question mark ( ? ) and asterisk ( * ) characters are called wildcards because they can be included in a search term to represent unknown characters. The question mark represents any single character. The asterisk represents any group of characters, including no characters. Wildcards can be used in any Easy Search, General Search, or Cited Reference Search field, as long as you observe the following restrictions (refer to the help for those specific pages for more specific information and examples): Wildcards may be used within and at the ends of search terms, but not at the beginning (e.g., SUL*UR and BIOLOG* are allowed, but not *NATAL). The asterisk wildcard must be preceded by at least three letters in the Topic field on the General Search page, when peforming an Easy Seach for a topic or for articles about a person, or in the Cited Work field on the Cited Reference Search page. For example, BIO* is allowed, but not B* or BI*. Note that the number of characters required before the asterisk is configurable and may be different at your site. Only two wildcards can be used within a single word, and when two wildcards are used, the word will be truncated after the second wildcard. Asterisk (*) Examples At ends of terms: You can use the asterisk to replace the end of a word when you want to search for all possible endings of a given root. For example, enter BIOLOG* to search for words that start with BIOLOG and end with any character or group of characters (e.g., BIOLOGY, BIOLOGIST, BIOLOGISTS, BIOLOGICAL). You can use the asterisk after an author's first initial to search for the name if you don't know the other initials, or whether the author has more than one initial. For example, enter KELLOG S* to search for works by authors whose last name is KELLOG, whose first name starts with an S, and who may or may not have other initials (e.g., KELLOG S, KELLOG SA, KELLOG, STA). You can use the asterisk in the SOURCE TITLE or CITED WORK fields when you do not know an exact journal title. For example, enter COMPUT* to search for journals whose titles begin with words such as COMPUTE, COMPUTER, COMPUTERS, COMPUTING, COMPUTATION, COMPUTATIONAL, COMPUTATIONS. In the middle of terms: You can use the asterisk in the middle of terms to search for terms that have alternate spellings. For example, enter SUL*UR to search for SULPHUR or SULFUR. You can use the asterisk in the middle of an author's name when you are unsure of the spelling. For example, enter HOF*MAN to search for HOFMAN or HOFFMAN. Use the asterisk wildcard carefully so that it does not broaden your search more than you intend. Very broad searches not only take time, they may return many more records than you are willing to look through. For example, entering CELL* as a search term in the Topic field when no other search values are used will retrieve any record in the selected database(s) containing any word starting with CELL in the title, keyword, or abstract field. The resulting list will be huge. Using this Topic search term in conjunction with an author name and perhaps a source title would result in a more effective, well-focused search. Question Mark (?) Examples At ends of terms: You can use the question mark to search for variant single letter endings. For example, enter BARTHOLD? to search for BARTHOLDY or BARTHOLDI. In the middle of terms: You can use the question mark to search for variant spellings. For example, enter EN?OBLAST to search for ENDOBLAST and ENTOBLAST.

Search operators are special words you can include in search fields to indicate logical relationships between multiple terms. For example, you can search for jointly authored articles by putting both author names in the General Search Author field, joined by the logical operator AND (e.g., JONES CR AND SMITH CW). Search operators must be separated from other items in a search field by either spaces or angle brackets. For example, APPLES AND ORANGES is a valid search. The search operators supported by the Citation Databases are: AND - all terms joined by AND must occur in the field for a record to be selected OR - any one of the terms joined by OR must occur in the field for a record to be selected NOT - the term following NOT must be absent from the field for the record to be selected. SAME - the terms joined by SAME must occur within the same sentence (where sentence is understood to be a period-delimited string) for the record to be selected. (Note: In Keywords and Keywords Plus, both terms must occur within the same keyword phrase – not simply the entire list.) SENT - (identical to the SAME operator) the terms joined by SENT must occur within the same sentence (where sentence is understood to be a period-delimited string) for the record to be selected. Use only the listed operators in the following fields on the Easy Search, General Search, and Cited Reference Search pages: Easy Search - Topic - AND, OR, NOT, SAME, SENT Easy Search - Person - AND, OR, NOT Easy Search - Place - AND, OR, NOT, SAME, SENT General Search - Topic - AND, OR, NOT, SAME, SENT General Search - Author - AND, OR, NOT General Search - Source Title - OR General Search - Address - AND, OR, NOT, SAME, SENT Cited Reference Search - Cited Author - OR Cited Reference Search - Cited Work - OR Cited Reference Search - Cited Year - OR You may use more than one search operator in a field. For example, you could enter AIDS OR HIV OR ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME OR HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS in the General Search Topic field to search for records containing any one of these words or phrases. If you use several different operators in the same field, you should use parentheses to indicate which operators should be evaluated first. Without parentheses, operators are evaluated in the following order, from highest to lowest precedence: SAME and SENT NOT AND OR Since NOT is evaluated before AND or OR, you will need to use parentheses in any search expression where you want AND or OR to be evaluated first. For example, if you wanted to search for all records containing the word SUICIDE, but not records containing either the phrase DOCTOR-ASSISTED or PHYSICIAN-ASSISTED, you would enter SUICIDE NOT (DOCTOR-ASSISTED OR PHYSICIAN-ASSISTED) in the General Search Topic field. The parentheses indicate that the OR operator should be evaluated first. Examples: AND Enter GORBACHEV AND YELTSIN to search for records containing both words. OR Enter GORBACHEV OR YELTSIN to search for records containing either GORBACHEV or YELTSIN, including those records that contain both terms. NOT Enter GORBACHEV NOT YELTSIN to search for records containing GORBACHEV but not containing YELTSIN. SAME Enter GORBACHEV SAME YELTSIN to search for records containing the words GORBACHEV and YELTSIN in the same sentence. Note that the order in which these words appear is not dictated by the SAME operator. OPERATOR COMBINATIONS Enter (HONEY BEE* OR HONEYBEE* OR APIS MELLIFERA) SAME DANC* to search for records containing any one of the words or phrases in parenthesis (e.g., HONEY BEE, HONEY BEES, HONEYBEE, HONEYBEES, APIS MELLIFERA) in the same sentence as any word beginning with the letters DANC (e.g. DANCE, DANCES, DANCING).

Saving and Running Queries

If you run the same General or Cited Reference searches frequently, you should save your search parameters using the Save Query button available on both the General Search and Cited Reference Search pages. Saved queries can easily be retrieved and rerun, saving you the trouble of reselecting search parameters. The procedures for saving and running queries differ based on your site's configuration: Queries saved to local disk Queries saved on server

Saving Queries (Client)

You can use the Save Query button on either the General Search or Cited Reference Search page to save queries so that you can run them again in other sessions against the same or different data. Queries saved on the client include only your search parameters and are run against whatever database and time span selections you have established in the current session. Queries are saved as disk files in any disk or directory location you specify (e.g., in any directory on your local hard disk or network server or on a floppy disk). These files may have any name that conforms to the conventions of your operating system, but you should use a name that will make the file easy to identify when you want to rerun the query. If your browser's file open function looks by default for files with an .HTM extension, your saved file will be easier to find if you use this extension (e.g., QUERY.HTM). Avoid giving saved queries an .EXE extension, as this will prevent some browsers from retrieving the file. Microsoft Internet Explorer users click here for alternate Save Query instructions. To save a query: Click Save Query. Specify a file name and location in the file save dialog. Exit the dialog. To delete a query: Delete the saved query files from your hard drive. See also: Saving Queries (Server)

If you have used the Save Query button on the Search page to save queries, you can retrieve these queries and run them again using the file open option of your browser. To run a previously saved query, you must know the name and location of the file you created when you saved the query. Depending on your browser's capabilities, you will see either a text box with "Browse" and "Open Query" buttons or just a "Using Saved Queries" link on the Full Search page. Follow the appropriate instructions below. To run a query if you have "Browse" and "Open Query" buttons: Click the "Browse" button to open a Choose File dialog. In the Choose File dialog, locate the file on your hard drive and click "Open." The filename of the selected file is entered into the filename text box. Click the "Open Query" button. The General Search or Cited Reference Search page will display with the search values from the saved query. Edit the search values if you like or leave them as is to repeat the same search against whatever database and time span is currently selected. Click Search or Lookup to execute the search. To run a query if you have just the "Using Saved Queries" link: Use your browser's file open function to open the file containing the query. The General Search or Cited Reference Search page will display with the search values from the saved query. Edit the search values if you like or leave them as is to repeat the same search against whatever database and time span is currently selected. Click Search or Lookup to execute the search. See also: Running Queries (Server)

A problem with some older versions of Microsoft Internet Explorer prevents the Save Query button from displaying a File Save dialog. To save a query using Explorer, follow these steps: After executing your search, use the Web of Science toolbar General Search or Cited Reference Search buttons to return to the search page you just used. From the browser menu bar, select File: Save As. Type a filename (filename.htm) and select a location to save the file. The search query is saved to the selected location. To run the saved search query, follow the instructions above.

Saving Queries (Server)

You can use the Save Query button on either the General Search or Cited Reference Search page to save queries so that you can run them again in other sessions against the same or different data. Queries saved on the server include only your search parameters and are run against whatever database and time span selections you have established in the current session. Since all queries are saved on the server, you will need to select a user name and password to distinguish your saved queries from those of other users. Remember the user name and password you select, because they will be required to retrieve the queries you save. To save a query: Click Save Query on either the General Search or Cited Reference Search page. The Save Search Query page displays. Enter a user name and password. The user name must be unique. You will receive an error if you enter a name that has already been selected by another user. Click Continue. The bottom half of the page will display a data entry field. Enter a unique name for the search query. Click Continue to save the query. Click either the General Search or Cited Ref Search button in the toolbar to return to the Search page and execute your query. To delete a query: Delete the saved query files from the hard drive. See also: Saving Queries (Client)

If you have used the Save Query button on the Search page to save queries, you can retrieve these queries and run them again using the Run Saved Query button on the Full Search page. To run a previously saved query, you must know the user name, password, and query name that were specified when the query was saved. To run a query: Click Run Saved Query on the Full Search page. The Run Saved Search Query page will display. Enter the user name and password you used when you saved the query. Click Continue. The bottom half of the page will display a list of saved queries. Select a query from the displayed list. Click Continue. A General Search or Cited Reference Search page will display with search values already selected. Edit these values if you like or leave them as is to repeat the same search against whatever database and time span is currently selected. Click Search or Lookup to execute the search.   See also: Running Queries (Client)

Flowchart of Results Pages

This flowchart shows the relationship among the results pages. The white boxes on the upper left represent the search pages, and are the starting point of the flowchart.

Summary pages - list results in a bibliographic format. The title of each record is a link to its full record. The four types of summary pages are: Search Results - Lists the articles that match your search. Cited References - Lists the references of the article (full record) displayed. Related Records - Lists similar articles that share common references with the article (full record) displayed. Citing Articles - Lists articles that reference the article (full record) displayed. Full record pages - contain complete bibliographic information, the abstract, keywords, Keywords Plus, and publisher information. From any full record, you can access the summary pages for Cited References, Related Records, and Citing Articles.

Full Record Page

The Full Record page displays information contained in the ISI database about an article, with search terms highlighted. For example, if a record was located by entering MAD COW DISEASE in the Topic field on the General Search page, this phrase will be highlighted wherever it appears in the record. Information Available in Full Record Note that the ISI database does not contain the complete text of the article. Instead it contains a summary record for each article that includes some or all of the following fields, depending on the database you have selected. Article title, source title, ISSN, volume, issue, publication date, page range, publisher, publisher's address, publisher's World Wide Web address, complete list of authors, authors' addresses, reprint address, document type, language, references, abstract, author-provided keyword list, additional keyword list (KeyWords Plus®), and ISI document delivery number. Because the Web of Science supports links, the full record may contain additional buttons at the top-right of the page. If your institution subscribes to electronic journals there may be full text links. Links to other ISI products or an OPAC can also be present. See the ISI Web site for more information about ISI Links. Use the options on this page to: Mark the record to print, export, or order the full text of the document. Unmark the record. Note: To clear all marked records and begin a new search session, click the "Home" button, then "New Session." Display the works listed in this article's cited reference list. Display a list of articles that have cited this work in their reference lists. Search for other articles whose cited reference lists include some of the same works as this article's reference list. Navigate through the search results list. To mark the record for printing, exporting, or ordering Click Mark. Then click Marked List to display the print, export, and order options. Note that using your web browser's print option to print the Full Record page will also generate a printed copy of the record; however, this copy will also contain all the graphics and other interface items that display on the page. To unmark the record, removing it from your marked list Click Unmark. Note that the Unmark button displays only if the record has already been marked. Note: To clear all marked records and begin a new search session, click the "Home" button, then "New Session." To display the works listed in this article's cited reference list Click Cited References. If the number zero or NK (for Not Keyed) displays beside the Cited References link, the link will not be active because the article either has no references or the references were not keyed into the database (as is the case with articles that are themselves bibliographies). To display a list of other articles that have cited this article Click Times Cited to open the Citing Articles page. If the number zero displays beside the Times Cited link, no articles covered in the currently loaded databases cite this article, and the link will not be active. To search for other articles whose cited reference lists include at least one of the same sources as this article Click Related Records. To navigate through the search results list Click Next or Previous to move to the next or previous record in the list. Click Summary to return to the summary list.

The Cited References page displays the cited reference list of the article whose name appears at the top of the page. References are underlined if a record for the source exists in the currently loaded ISI databases. To return to the original full record Click the Search Results button on the button bar, click the article title at the top of the page. To display the full record of an underlined reference Click the underlined item. To print this list of cited references Use the print option of your Web browser. To search for articles whose reference lists include some or all of the items in this list Review the list, clearing the checkbox to the left of an item if you do not want to search for articles that cite the item. Then click Related Records.

The Citing Articles Summary page displays a list of articles whose reference lists include the article named at the top of the page. All items on the summary list are underlined, since a full record for each article exists in the ISI database. To return to the original full record Click the Search Results button on the button bar, click the article title at the top of the page. To display the full record of an underlined article Click the underlined item. Cited reference searching enables you to locate information on a given topic by using a representative or seminal work on the topic to search for other works on the same topic. The assumption is that articles that cite this seminal work must be related to it in subject matter. You can also use cited reference searching to: Discover who is citing your research. Measure the influence of a colleague's or competitor's work. Follow the direction of research based on an earlier study.

The Related Records page displays a list of articles whose cited reference lists include at least one of the sources cited by the original (parent) article, whose title appears at the top of the page. Articles that share the largest number of sources with the original article are listed first. The assumption behind related record searching is that articles whose reference lists include some of the same sources have a subject relationship, regardless of whether their titles, abstracts, or keywords contain the same terms. The more sources two articles have in common, the closer this subject relationship is presumed to be. Related Records are sorted from most relevant to least relevant. You can access Related Records from either the Full Record or Cited References pages. To return to the original full record Click the Search Results button on the button bar. To navigate through this list Click the navigation arrows or the page numbers to move through the data. Note that any marked records will be automatically submitted to the Marked List. To print this list Use the print option of your web browser. To view individual records in the list Click any item in the list. To add individual records to your marked list Click the checkbox to the left of the author name to select each article. Click Submit Marks. (Note: The Marked List button appears in the toolbar after marking records and clicking Submit Marks or after clicking Mark Page or Mark All.) To mark or unmark all 10 items on the page Click Mark Page. All the records on the page will be marked and the Mark Page button will become Unmark Page. (Note: To clear the entire Marked List click Clear Marked List on the Marked List page or start a New Session.) To mark all items in the Related Records summary list Click Mark All. All the records displayed in the summary list (on all pages) will be marked (up to the maximum allowed). If the number of marked records exceeds the limit allowed, a message will display. (Note: To clear the entire Marked List click Clear Marked List on the Marked List page or start a New Session.)   To print, export, or order individual records in the list Click the checkbox to the left of the author name to select an article. Submit your selection(s) by clicking either Submit or the navigation arrows. Click Marked List and follow the instructions on the Marked Record page. To return to the full record of the parent article Click the article title at the top of the page.   Here's an example of how to use Related Records: Assume your General Search on the topic honey bees has located a record for an article by C Dreller entitled "The sense of hearing in honey-bees." When you click on this record on the General Search Results Summary page, you find by reading the abstract that the article contains exactly the information you were looking for. You click Cited References to look at the article's cited reference list. All 30 references look relevant to your work, so you leave all the items checked (the default), and click Related Records. The Related Records Summary page displays a list of articles whose reference lists include at least one of the items cited by the original article. Some of these articles are familiar to you because they showed up in your initial General Search. But some of the articles are new to you. You click on the first new article in this list to look at the full record, and then click Cited References to display its reference list, which turns out to contain many of the same items as your original article. Chances are good that this article is also relevant to your research, but because neither its title, abstract, nor keyword list contained the term honey bees, you did not find the article in your original topic search. You mark this record for printing and continue to look at the other new articles on the list. As you move down the list, the articles have fewer and fewer references in common with your original article and are therefore less relevant to your work.

Marked Records Page

The Marked Records page displays a list of the records you have marked during the current session. You can mark records on the Search Results Summary page by clicking the checkbox beside an article then clicking the Submit Marks button or the Mark Page or Mark All buttons, or by clicking Mark on a Full Record page. Use the options on this page to: Print records. Save records to a file whose format is suitable for import into a bibliographic management program. Export records directly into a ProCite or Reference Manager database. E-mail records with a note to any e-mail address you enter. Order the full text of the article identified by any record. To clear all marked records: Click the Clear Marked List button on the Marked Records page, or start a new session (by clicking the Home button, then New Session).

To print records: Select the sort option and bibliographic information you want to print in each record by clicking "Select fields" and checking boxes beside the field names you want. Note that the author, title, source, page count, publication date, IDS number, and source abbreviation fields always print. The Sort options are: Latest Date   Sorts records by the date on which the documents were processed at ISI, with the most recently processed records listed first. First Author   Sorts records in alphabetical order by the last name of the first listed author. Source Title   Sorts records in alphabetical order by source (e.g., journal) title. Times Cited   Sorts records by importance based on how many times the record has been cited by other articles. Review the records on the page to determine which records you want to print. Uncheck the box beside any record you do not want to print. Click "Format for Print". An HTML page will display with the records and fields you have selected. Print this page using the print option of your web browser. The resulting printed output corresponds in content and format to what you see on the page.

To save records to a file suitable for import by a bibliographic management software package: Select the sort option and bibliographic information you want to save in each record by clicking "Select fields" and checking boxes beside the field names you want. Note that the publication type, author, title, full source title, beginning page, ending page, page count, ISO source title abbreviation, publication year, publication date, volume, issue, IDS number, source abbreviation fields, and ISI unique article identifier are always saved. The Sort options are: Latest Date   Sorts records by the date on which the documents were processed at ISI, with the most recently processed records listed first. First Author   Sorts records in alphabetical order by the last name of the first listed author. Source Title   Sorts records in alphabetical order by source (e.g., journal) title. Times Cited   Sorts records by importance based on how many times the record has been cited by other articles. Review the records on the page to determine which records you want to save. Uncheck the box beside any record you do not want to save. Click "Save to File". Your browser's file save dialog will display. Specify a path and file name in this dialog. When you exit the dialog, a file will be saved containing the fields and records you specified, with fields identified by tags. Sample exported record.

If you have ISI ResearchSoft's ProCite or Reference Manager and have installed the appropriate ISI Research Soft export plug-in, you can export marked records directly into a ProCite or Reference Manager database. To export records directly to ProCite or Reference Manager: Select the sort option and bibliographic information you want to export in each record by clicking "Select fields" and checking boxes beside the field names you want. Note that the publication type, author, title, full source title, beginning page, ending page, page count, ISO source title abbreviation, publication year, publication date, volume, issue, IDS number, source abbreviation fields, and ISI unique article identifier are always exported. The Sort options are: Latest Date   Sorts records by the date on which the documents were processed at ISI, with the most recently processed records listed first. First Author   Sorts records in alphabetical order by the last name of the first listed author. Source Title   Sorts records in alphabetical order by source (e.g., journal) title. Times Cited   Sorts records by importance based on how many times the record has been cited by other articles. Review the records on the page to determine which records you want to export. Uncheck the box beside any record you do not want to export. Click Export to launch the Web Capture application. If your browser prompts you on whether you want to open the file or save it to disk, select Open. If you have more than one version of ProCite or Reference Manager installed, you will be prompted to select one to which to export. Select the appropriate program. You will be prompted to select a database to which to add the exported records. Select a database. The selected version of ProCite or Reference Manager opens automatically and displays the database containing the newly exported records.

You can e-mail your marked records with a note to any e-mail address you enter. The e-mailed records will be in the same format as the Save to File format. To e-mail records: Select the sort option and bibliographic information you want to e-mail in each record by clicking "Select fields" and checking boxes beside the field names you want. Note that the publication type, author, title, full source title, beginning page, ending page, page count, ISO source title abbreviation, publication year, publication date, volume, issue, IDS number, source abbreviation fields, and ISI unique article identifier are always e-mailed. The Sort options are: Latest Date   Sorts records by the date on which the documents were processed at ISI, with the most recently processed records listed first. First Author   Sorts records in alphabetical order by the last name of the first listed author. Source Title   Sorts records in alphabetical order by source (e.g., journal) title. Times Cited   Sorts records by importance based on how many times the record has been cited by other articles. Review the records on the page to determine which records you want to e-mail. Uncheck the box beside any record you do not want to e-mail. Click E-Mail to open the E-Mail page. In the "E-Mail the records to" box, enter a single valid e-mail address (for example, sendtoname@institution.com). The records will be e-mailed to this address. (Optional) In the "Your e-mail the records to" box, enter a single valid e-mail address (for example, yourname@institution.com). This address will display in the "from" box in the recipient's e-mail. In the "Notes" box, enter a note to add to the top of the e-mail message (up to 250 characters). Note: The Subject line of the e-mail will automatically be "Web of Science Records." Click Send E-Mail to send the records. If the e-mail was sent successfully, the message "Your marked records have been sent to the specified e-mail address" will display. If the e-mail address you entered is invalid, the message "Invalid e-mail address. Please enter a valid address" will display. Click your browser's Back button or the Marked List button and repeat steps 5 and 6. Click the Marked List button to return to the Marked List.

Using the "Format for Document Delivery" button, you can order the full text of any article. This button will not display if you do not have a document ordering option in your configuration. Note: Depending on your configuration, the "Format for Document Delivery" button will perform one of these three functions: Open the ISI Document Solution document ordering web site. Your marked list is passed for easy document ordering. Refer to the instructions on that site for more information. Open a third-party document ordering web site. Because the list of marked records are not sent to this site, you will need to enter the article information required by that site. Refer to the instructions on that site for more information. Send an e-mail to a predetermined Web of Science site administrator requesting the full text of the articles listed on the Marked Records page.

ISI's save file format is illustrated in the following sample record. You will see bibliographic information such as this for each record on your marked list. Two-character tags identify each data element in the record. Records are separated by an ER (end of record) tag. Each export file begins with two lines that identify the file type (FN) and version number (VR) of the export format. FN ISI Generic Export Format VR 1.0 PT J AU Foster, JD Hunter, N Williams, A Mylne, MJA McKelvey, WAC Hope, J Fraser, H Bostock, C TI Observations on the transmission of scrapie in experiments using embryo transfer SO VETERINARY RECORD LA English DT Article NR 15 SN 0042-4900 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC C1 INST ANIM HLTH, OGSTON BLDG, W MAINS RD, EDINBURGH EH9 3JF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND.MRC, NEUROPATHOGENESIS UNIT, EDINBURGH EH9 3JF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND.SCOTTISH AGR COLL, VET SERV DIV, PENICUIK, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND.INST ANIM HLTH, COMPTON LAB, READING RG16 0NN, BERKS, ENGLAND. ID FIBRIL PROTEIN PRP; SIP GENE; SHEEP AB This investigation studied the maternal transmission of scrapie in sheep by using embryo transfer to examine the viability of highly susceptible offspring derived from scrapie- affected and uninfected donors. The study also examined the effect of washing the embryos, Scrapie occurred in both washed and unwashed embryo-derived Sip sAsA progeny from both groups of donor ewes, As a result, the earlier observation that scrapie might pass via the unwashed embryo to develop as disease in adult sheep has to be reassessed. Several other implications of the work are considered, including the possibility that natural scrapie is not purely a genetic disease. CR DICKINSON AG, 1974, V84, P19, J COMP PATHOL DICKINSON AG, 1988, P63, NOVEL INFECTIOUS AGE DICKINSON AG, 1976, P209, SLOW VIRUS DISEASES FOSTER JD, 1993, P229, TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGI FOSTER JD, 1992, V130, P341, VET REC FOSTER JD, 1991, V128, P548, VET REC GOLDMANN W, 1994, V75, P989, J GEN VIROL GOLDMANN W, 1991, V71, P2411, J GEN VIROL HADLOW WJ, 1982, V146, P657, J INFECT DIS HOURRIGAN J, 1979, V1, P331, SLOW TRANSMISSIBLE D HUNTER N, 1996, IN PRESS ARCH VIROLO HUNTER N, 1991, V72, P1287, J GEN VIROL HUNTER N, 1989, V124, P364, VET REC PARRY HB, 1962, V17, P75, HEREDITY STRINGFELLOW DA, 1990, P41, MANUAL INT EMBRYO TR TC 0 BP 559 EP 562 PG 6 PY 1996 PD JUN 8 VL 138 IS 23 GA UR372 PI LONDON RP Foster JD UT ISI:000078066600003 ER

Each export tag identifies a data element. Tags are not included unless the data elements they identify are present in the record. FN File type VR File format version number PT Publication type (e.g., book, journal, book in series) AU Author(s) TI Article title SO Full source title LA Language DT Document type NR Cited reference count SN ISSN PU Publisher C1 Research addresses DE Author keywords ID KeyWords Plus AB Abstract CR Cited references TC Times cited BP Beginning page EP Ending page PG Page count JI ISO source title abbreviation SE Book series title BS Book series subtitle PY Publication year PD Publication date VL Volume IS Issue PN Part number SU Supplement SI Special issue GA ISI document delivery number PI Publisher city WP Publisher web address RP Reprint address CP Cited patent J9 29-character source title abbreviation PA Publisher address UT ISI unique article identifier ER End of record

Bibliographic management software stores, manipulates, and prints out reference information in a variety of formats. Many of these software packages can import files containing reference information if the files are in the appropriate format. Since the required import format varies from product to product, you should consult the product documentation to determine whether your software can import ISI-generated files.

To enable the Export button, you must install the export plug-in available from ISI ResearchSoft. After this utility is installed, and you have configured your browser to recognize the utility as a helper/viewer application, the Export button will launch a program that exports marked records directly into a ProCite or Reference Manager database. Click here to access the download page for the export plug-in. Instructions for installing the utility are in the readme file that is included in the download. See your web browser documentation or help system for more information about setting up helper/viewer applications, also called plug-ins. You may also contact ISI ResearchSoft at: ISI ResearchSoft 800 Jones St. Berkeley, CA 94710 Phone: 510-559-8592   or 800-554-3049 Fax: 510-559-8683 info@isiresearchsoft.com

Corporate & Institution Abbreviations

Corporate and institution names that appear in author addresses are frequently abbreviated, and you should use the abbreviations when entering search terms in the General Search or Place Search address fields. ISI abbreviates names based on the following list. Other address elements such as street address and department/division names and state/country names are also abbreviated. To be sure that you enter the exact abbreviation, you can highlight the abbreviation and then use your browser's copy and paste functions to copy the abbreviation from this page and paste it into the Address field on the General Search or Place Search pages. Note that if the original publisher has abbreviated an address, it appears in the ISI database in this abbreviated form, which may not conform to ISI's standards for abbreviation.

Agricultural & Food Research Council AFRC Allgemeine Elektrische Gesellschaft Telefunken AEG TELEFUNKEN Aluminum Company of America ALCOA American Broadcasting Company ABC American Chemical Society ACS American Society for Testing and Materials ASTM American Federation Labor - Congress Industrial Organization AFL CIO Argonne National Laboratory ANL Association for Computing Machinery ACM Atomic Energy Research Establishment AERE Bad Anilin & Soda Fabrik AG BASF AG Brookhaven National Laboratory BNL California Institute of Technology CALTECH Centers for Disease Control CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDCP Centre Etudes Nucleaires Saclay CENS Centre Etudes Nucleaires CEN Centre Etudes Nucleaires Cadarache CEN CADARACHE Centre Etudes Nucleaires Fontenay aux Roses CENFAR Centre Etudes Nucleaires Grenoble CEN GRENOBLE Centre Etudes Nucleaires Studiecentrum Kerenergie CEN SCK Centre Etudes Recherche CERN Centre Hospitalier Regional CHR Centre Hospitalier Universitaire CHU Centre Nazionale Recherche Scientifique CNRS City University of New York CUNY Civil Aeronautics Board CAB Columbia Broadcasting System CBS Comitato Nazionale Energia Nucleaire CNEN Commission Energie Atomique CEA Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organization CSIRO Consejo Superior Investigaciones Cientificas CSIC Consiglio Nazionale Ricerche CNR Council of Scientific & Industrial Research CSIR Department of Scientific & Industrial Research DSIR Deutsche Elektronen Synchrotron DESY Deutsche Forschung & Veruchanstalt Luft & Raunfahrt EV DFVLR E. I. DuPont de Nemours DUPONT CO Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule ETH Equipe Recherche ER Equipe Recherche Associe ERA European Atomic Energy Community EURATOM Federal Aviation Agency FAA Federal Communications Commission FCC Food & Agricultural Organization FAO Formation Recherche Associe FRA General Electric Co. GE General Electric Company, England GEC General Motors Corporation GM CORP Illinois Institute of Technology IIT Imperial Chemical Industries PLC ICI PLC Institute for Atomic Energy IAE Institute of Automobile Engineers IAE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers IEEE Institute of Electronic Engineering IEE Institute National Recherche Agronomique INRA Institute National Sante & Recherche Medicale INSERM International Business Machines Corp. IBM CORP International Telephone & Telegraph Corporation ITT CORP Kernforschung Anlage Julich GMBH KFA JULICH GMBH Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT Medical Research Council MRC Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Food MAFF Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company 3M CO National Aeronautics & Space Administration NASA National Broadcasting Company NBC National Cancer Institute NCI National Eye Institute NEI National Heart Lung & Blood Institute NHLBI National Institute Allergy & Infectious Diseases NIAID National Institute Arthritis Metabolism & Digestive Diseases NIAMDD National Institute Child Health & Human Development NICHHD National Institute Dental Research NIDR National Institute Mental Health NIMH National Institute Neurological & Communicative Disorders & Strokes NINCDS National Institutes of Health NIH National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration NOAA Natural Environment Research Council NERC New York University NYU Norges Tekniske Hogskole NTH Oak Ridge National Laboratory ORNL Office Recherche Scientifique & Technologique Outre Mer ORSTOM Public Health Service PHS Radio Corporation of America RCA CORP Royal Air Force RAF Science & Engineering Research Council SERC Skf Ball Bearings SKF SmithKline & French SK&F Society of Automotive Engineers SAE Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers SPIE State University of New York SUNY Stichting Fundamenteel Onderzoek Materie FOM Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO UN Educational Scientific & Cultural Organization UNESCO Unite Enseignement & Recherche UER United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority UKAEA United Nations UN University of Wales Institute of Science & Technology UNWIST US Air Force USAF US Army USA US Department of Agriculture USDA US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service USDA ARS US Department of Agriculture Science & Education Administration USDA SEA US Department of Energy US DOE US Department of Health & Human Services US DEPT HHS US Department of Health Education & Welfare US DEPT HEW US Energy Research & Development Administration US ERDA US Environmental Protection Agency US EPA US Food & Drug Administration US FDA US Navy USN US Public Health Service US PHS World Health Organization WHO

Address Abbreviations

Words that appear in author addresses are frequently abbreviated, and you should use the abbreviations when entering search terms in the General Search or Place Search address fields. ISI abbreviates address words based on the following list. Other address elements such as corporate and institution names and state/country names are also abbreviated. To be sure that you enter the exact abbreviation, you can highlight the abbreviation and then use your browser's copy and paste functions to copy the abbreviation from this page and paste it into the Address field on the General Search or Place Search pages. Note that if the original publisher has abbreviated an address, it appears in the ISI database in this abbreviated form, which may not conform to ISI's standards for abbreviation. Click on a letter to move through the abbreviation list alphabetically.

A-K A B C D E F G H I J K Abteilung Abt Academy Acad Accident Accid Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome AIDS Administration Adm Advance(d) Adv Aerospace Aerosp Agency Agcy Agriculture Agr Air Force AF Air Force Base AFB Akademy Akad America(n) Amer Analysis Anal Angewandte Angew Animal Anim Anthropol (any ending, e.g. Anthropology, Anthropologist) Anthropol Apparatus Apparat Applied Appl Arch (any ending, e.g. Archive, Archives) Arch Arthritis Arthrit Association Assoc Avenue Ave Behavior(al) Behav Bibliog (any ending, e.g. Bibliography, Bibliographies) Bibliog Biochemistry Biochem Bio l(any ending, e.g. Biology, Biologist) Biol Botany Bot Boulevard Blvd Brothers Bros Building Bldg Bureau Bur Cancer Canc Center Ctr Central Cent Chem (any ending, e.g. Chemistry, Chemical) Chem Chimie Chim Chirurgie Chirurg Cientificas Cient Clin (any ending, e.g. Clinic, Clinical) Clin College Coll Comite Com Committee Comm Communication Commun Company Co Comparat (any ending, e.g. Comparative) Comparat Compounds Cpds Computer Comp Conference Conf Corporation Corp County Cty Defence Def Dental Dent Department Dept Deutsch Deutsch Development Dev Diabetes Diabet Diagnosis Diag Disease Dis District Dist Division Div Drive Dr East E Econ (any ending, e.g. Economy, Economist) Econ Education Educ Egyetem Egyet Electric/Electronic Elect Electroencephalographic Eeg Elektrische/Elektronik Elekt Engineering Engn Environment Environm Establishment/Establissement Estab Étude Etud Experiment(al) Expt Faculty Fac Fakulty Fak Farmacia Farm Federal Fed Fisica Fis Forschung Forsch Fort Ft Foundation Fdn Fysica Fys General Gen Gesellschaft Gesell Government Govt Graduate Grad Group Grp Health Hlth Heights Hts History Hist Hochschule Hsch Hogeskole Hgsk Hopital Hop Horticulture Hort Hospital Hosp Husbandry Husb Hygiene Hyg Incorporated Inc Industry Ind Infectious Infect Infirmary Infirm Ingegneria Ingn Institute Inst Istituto Ist International Int Intro (any ending, e.g. Introduction) Intro Investigation Invest Island Isl Junior Jr Kemiai Kem Klinik Klin Konference/Konferenz Konf   L-Z L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Laboratories Labs Laboratory Lab Lecture Lect Library Lib Limited Ltd Maladies Malad Manufacturing Mfg Marketing Mkt Material Mat Mathematics Math Mechanical Mech Medecine Med Medicine Med Meditskkaya Med Medizin Med Memorial Mem Metabolic Metab Metal Met Military Mil Mining Min Ministry Minist Molecular/Molecule/Molekular Mol Mount Mt Nacional Nacl National Natl Natural Nat Navigation Nav Nazionale Nazl North N Northeast Ne Northern No Northwest Nw Nuclear Nucl Nuklear Nukl Nutrition Nutr Observatory Observ Obstetrics Obstet Office Off Organization Org Ospedale Osped Paediatrics Paediat Park Pk Parkway Pkwy Pediatrics Pediat Petroleum Petr Pharmaceut (any ending, e.g. Pharmaceutical, Pharmaceuticals) Pharmaceut Pharmacol (any ending, e.g. Pharmacology, Pharmacologist) Pharmacol Pharmacy Pharm Physiol (any ending, e.g. Physiology, Physiologist) Physiol Place Pl Post Office Po Post Office Box Pob Process Proc Products Prod Professor Prof Propulsion Prop Protein Prot Province Prov Psychiatry Psychiat Psychol (any ending, e.g. Psychology, Psychologist) Psychol Pulmonary Pulm Quimica Quim Radiat (any ending, e.g. Radiation) Radiat Recherche Rech Rehabilitation Rehabil Reproduction Reprod Research Res Respiratory Resp Ricerca Ric Road Rd Saint St Sanatorium Sanat Sanitary Sanit School Sch Science Sci Semiconductor Semicond Service Serv Society Soc South S Southeast Se Southern So Southwest Sw Spectroscopy Spect Square Sq Standard Stand Station Stn Statistics Stat Strasse Str Street St Structure Struct Substance Subst Superior Super Surgery Surg Synthesis Synth System Syst Technical, Techische Tech Technical High School/Technische Hochschule TH Telephone Tel Temperature Temp Territory Terr Textile Text Transact (any ending, e.g. Transactions) Transact Tuberculosis Tb Tudomanyos Tud United States US University Univ Vascular Vasc Veterans Administration Vet Adm Veterinary Vet Weapons Weap Welfare Welf West W Wissenschaft Wissensch Zentral Zent

The following geographic address items are abbreviated: U.S. states are abbreviated using the standard two-characters abbreviations The names of foreign countries with more than 15 characters in their names are abbreviated. (Also listed here are country name changes made in the database). You should use the abbreviations when entering search terms in the General Search or Place Search address fields. Other address elements such as corporate and institution names and street address and department/division names are also abbreviated. To be sure that you enter the exact abbreviation, you can highlight the abbreviation and then use your browser's copy and paste functions to copy the abbreviation from this page and paste it into the Address field on the General Search or Place Search pages. Note that if the original publisher has abbreviated an address, it appears in the ISI database in this abbreviated form, which may not conform to ISI's standards for abbreviation.

U.S. State Abbreviations Alaska-Kansas Alaska AK Alabama AL Arkansas AR American Samoa AS Arizona AZ California CA Colorado CO Connecticut CT Canal Zone CZ District of Columbia DC Delaware DE Florida FL Georgia GA Guam GU Hawaii HI Iowa IA Idaho ID Illinois IL Indiana IN Kansas KS Kentucky-Ohio Kentucky KY Louisiana LA Massachusetts MA Maryland MD Maine ME Michigan MI Minnesota MN Missouri MO Mississippi MS Montana MT North Carolina NC North Dakota ND Nebraska NE Nevada NV New Hampshire NH New Jersey NJ New Mexico NM New York NY Northern Mariana Islands CM Ohio OH Oklahoma-Wyoming Oklahoma OK Oregon OR Pennsylvania PA Puerto Rico PR Rhode Island RI South Carolina SC South Dakota SD Tennessee TN Trust Territories TT Texas TX US Overseas Military AA, AE, AP Utah UT Virginia VA Virgin Islands VI Vermont VT Washington WA Wisconsin WI West Virginia WV Wyoming WY Country Name Abbreviations Names of foreign countries are spelled out in the database as space permits (up to 15 characters). The abbreviations currently used for countries with names longer than 15 characters are listed in the left-hand column below. The right-hand column below lists the country name changes made to the database in the years listed. Country Name Abbreviations Antigua & Barbuda Antigua & Barbu Bosnia & Hercegovina Bosnia & Herceg Central African Republic Cent Afr Republ Dominican Republic Dominican Rep Equatorial Guinea Equat Guinea French Austral Lands Fr Austr Lands French Polynesia Fr Polynesia Malagasy Republic Malagasy Republ Mongolian People's Republic Mongol Peo Rep Netherlands Antilles Neth Antilles Northern Ireland North Ireland Papua New Guinea Papua N Guinea People's Republic of China Peoples R China Republic of Georgia Rep of Georgia Sao Tome E Principe Sao Tome E Prin Saint Kitts & Nevis St Kitts & Nevi Trinidad & Tobago Trinid & Tobago United Arab Emirates U Arab Emirates Additions/Deletions/Changes 1994 Deleted Czechoslovakia Added Czech Republic Added Slovakia Changed Congo Peopl Rep to Congo Changed Spanish Sahara to Western Sahara Deleted Senegambia Added Senegal Added Gambia Changed St Christ & Nev to St Kitts & Nevi Added Eritrea   1993 Deleted USSR Added: Armenia Azerbaijan Byelarus Estonia Rep of Georgia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lithuania Moldova Tajikstan Turkmenistan Russia Ukraine Uzbekistan Added Bosnia & Herceg Added Croatia Added Macedonia Added Slovenia   1991 Deleted Fed Rep Ger Deleted Ger Dem Rep Added Germany   1989 Changed Afars & Issas to Djibouti Changed Belau to Palau Changed Cent Afr Empire to Cent Afr Republ Added Ciskei Changed Portuguese Guin to Guinea Bissau Changed Ivory Coast to Cote Ivoire Changed Khmer Republic to Cambodia Corrected Leichtenstein to Liechtenstein Madagascar changed to Malagassy Republ Added Namibia Added Transkei Added Venda

Cited Work Abbreviations

ISI abbreviates some words and phrases that appear in the titles of cited references. If a word or phrase appears on the list given below, it is abbreviated in the ISI Citation Database as indicated, and you should use the abbreviation when entering search terms in the Cited Reference Search Cited Work field. To be sure that you enter the exact abbreviation, you can highlight the abbreviation and then use your browser's copy and paste functions to copy the abbreviation from this page and paste it into the Cited Work field on the Cited Reference Search page.

A-J Academy ACAD Administration ADM Advance(d) ADV Agriculture AGR Akademy AKAD America(n) AM American Chemical Society ACS American Society for Testing and Materials ASTM American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASME Analysis ANAL Angewandte ANGEW Annals ANN Annual ANN Anthropology ANTHR Applied APPL Archives ARCH Arkiv ARK Association ASS Association for Computing Machinery ACM Australia AUSTR Behavior(al) BEHAV Bibliography BIBLIO Biochemistry BIOCH Biology BIOL Botany BOT British BRIT Bulletin B Cancer CANC Center CTR Centers for Disease Control CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDCP Chemical/Chemistry CHEM Chimie CHIM Chirurgie CHIRURG Clinic CLIN College COLL Company CO Comparative COMP Conference C Contemporary CONT Correspondence CORRES Dental DENT Department DEP Department of Health, Education & Welfare DHEW Deutsch DTSCH Development DEV Dictionary DICT Disease DIS East E Economy EC Education ED Electric/Electronic ELECT Elektrische/Elektronik ELEKT Encyclopedia ENCY Engineering ENG Environment ENV Environmental Protection Agency EPA Experiment(al) EXPT Faculty of Medicine FM Faculty of Science FS Federal FED Federal Register FED REG Food & Agricultural Organization FAO Foundation FDN General GEN Geschichte GESCH Government GOVT Handbook HDB Health HLTH History HIST Hopital HOP Hospital HOSP Industry IND Infectious INFECT Institute I Institute for Atomic Energy IAE Institute of Automobile Engineers IAE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers IEEE Institute of Electronic Engineering IEE International INT Introduction INTRO Istituto I Jahrbuch JB Journal J   K-Z Klinik KLIN Konference/Konferenz K Laboratories LABS Laboratory LAB Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory LBL Lecture LECT Letter LETT Library LIB Limited LTD Literature LIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT Material MAT Mathematics MATH Mechanical MECH Medecine MED Medicine MED Meditskkaya MED Medizin MED Meeting M Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company 3M CO Molecular/Molecule/Molekular MOL Nacional NACL National NATL National Aeronautics & Space Administration NASA National Bureau of Standards (changed its name) NBS National Cancer Institute NCI National Institutes of Health NIH Nazionale NAZL North N Northeast NE Northern NO Northwest NW Nuclear NUCL Nuklear NUKL Nutrition NUTR Obstetrics OBSTET Organization ORG Paediatrics PAEDIAT Pediatrics PEDIAT Pharmaceutical PHARM Pharmacology PHARM Philosophy PHILOS Physiology PHYSL Polymer POLYM Proceedings P Progress PROGR Psychiatry PSYCHIAT Psychology PSYCHOL Public Health Service PHS Quarterly Q Radiation RAD Recherche RECH Religious RELIG Reproduction REPROD Research RES Respiratory RESP Review REV Rivista RIV School SCH Science SCI Society SOC Society of Automotive Engineers SAE Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers SPIE South S Southeast SE Southern SO Southwest SW Statistics STAT Surgery SURG Technical High School/ Technische Hochschule TH Technical University TU Textbook TXB Transactions T United Kingdom UK United Nations UN United States US University U University of California Radiation Laboratory UCRL US Department of Agriculture USDA Veterinary VET West W World Health Organization WHO Yearbook YB Zeitschrift Z Zhurnal ZH