General Search Page

To search the database(s) you selected for articles based on what you know about their subject matter, authorship, source publication, or author address(es): Click General Search from the Full Search page. Click Clear to remove search parameters from previous searches. Enter information in one or more search fields. (The search fields are automatically combined using the Boolean "AND" operator, so using more than one field will narrow your search. For instance, if you enter a word in the Topic field and a name in the Author field, only those records that contain the topic word in the title, abstract, or keywords and are by that author will be found.) The search fields are: Topic Author Source Title Address Select any of the following options (scroll down to the bottom of the General Search page) Select language and document type limits. Select the sort option. The sort options are: Latest Date (default; newest record first) Times Cited (ranked by the number of times the work was cited in other works) Relevance (ranking system based on frequency of search terms) First Author (first author listed; alphabetical) Source Title (alphabetical order based on the source (e.g., journal) title) Optionally Save Query. Click Search to retrieve the records in the database that match the search criteria. Search Examples: Enter MAD COW DISEASE in the Topic field to search for articles on this topic. Enter FOUCAULT  M* in the Author field to search for articles written by this author (use the * wildcard to cover any additional initials). Enter JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE in the Source Title field to search for articles from this journal. Enter PENN STATE in the Address field to search for articles written by authors whose addresses include this university.

You can search for Topic, Author, Source Title, and Address. See the explanations below for examples of how to use the search options. To perform a search, you must enter search strings in one or more fields. The different search fields are automatically combined using the "AND" Boolean operator, which narrows your search by finding only records that meet the search statements in all the fields. For instance, if you enter a word in the Topic field and a name in the Author field, only those records that contain the topic word in the title, abstract, or keywords fields and that are by that author will be found. General search field rules: Use either upper, lower, or mixed case. For example, entering AIDS, Aids, or aids will find the same results. Enter words and phrases without quotation marks. For example, enter GENETIC TESTING to search for articles containing this phrase. Words entered as a series with no punctuation separating them are assumed to be a phrase. Separate two or more terms by logical operators such as AND or OR. The OR operator instructs the search engine to find records containing any one of the search terms in a given field. The AND operator instructs the search engine to find records containing all of the search terms specified in a given field. Other search operators are available. For example, enter MAD COW DISEASE OR BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY to search for articles containing either one of these phrases. For example, enter BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY AND SCRAPIE to search for articles containing both of these terms. Use quotation marks around the words AND, OR, NOT, SAME, or SENT in any field when you do not intend these words to serve as search operators. For example, to search for works authored by William Or, enter "OR" W. To search for works authored by O. R. Koechli, enter KOECHLI "OR". Use the asterisk and question mark as wildcards to search for variants of words. For example, enter ENZYM* to search for words that start with these letters but end with any group of letters (e.g., ENZYME, ENZYMATIC, ENZYMOLOGY). Search for hyphenated words/phrases by entering the terms both without the hyphen and with the hyphen replaced by a space. Join the two versions of the term with OR. However, for an author search, enter the name both with and without the hyphen (no space). For example, to search for works containing the word PRE-RAPHAELITE, enter PRE RAPHAELITE OR PRERAPHAELITE in the Topic field. To search for works containing the word X-RAY, enter X RAY OR XRAY. For example, enter EL-EBIARY OR ELEBIARY in the Author field to search for this author. Search for words/phrases containing apostrophes or other internal punctuation by entering the terms both with and without the punctuation mark. Join the two versions of the term with OR. Alternatively, use the asterisk wildcard. For example, to search for the author O'Brien, enter OBRIEN OR O'BRIEN. For example, to search for the topic Kaposi's sarcoma, enter KAPOSI* SAME SARCOM* See the explanations below for details on each search field and examples on using the search fields. Topic Search Field - Enter a word or phrase that might appear in the article title, abstract, or keyword list. Use the Title only checkbox to restrict the search to article titles. Join multiple words or phrases connected with the Boolean operators AND, OR, NOT, SAME, and SENT. You can enter complete words/phrases or partial words/phrases using the wildcards. See Search Field Rules for more information. Note that certain frequently used words (e.g., words such as A, AN, THE, OF, IN) are not searchable in the Topic field. These stopwords may be entered as part of a phrase, but they will not be explicitly searched. Instead, they will act as word wildcards. For example, searching for DEATH IN VENICE returns you any article that contains the words DEATH and VENICE separated by any single word. Topic Search Examples: (more examples) Enter HEPATITIS to search for records containing this word. Enter MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES to search for records containing this phrase. Enter HEPATITIS AND HEMODIALYSIS to search for records containing both these words. Enter HEPATITIS B OR HEPATITIS C to search for records containing either of these phrases. Enter CHEM* to search for words starting with these letters and ending with any group of letters (e.g., CHEMISTRY, CHEMICAL, CHEMIST, CHEMISTS). Enter DERMATOS?S to search for words that consist of the specified letters with any single letter in the place of the question mark (e.g., DERMATOSIS or DERMATOSES). Author Search Field - Enter an author/editor name with the last name first, followed by a space and up to 5 initials. Unless you know all initials in an author's name, put an asterisk after the initial(s) you have entered (e.g., HOFFMAN E*). You may also enter last names without initials. Join multiple names with the search operators AND, OR, and NOT. You may use wildcard characters such as the question mark and asterisk to search for variants of words. The question mark can be used to represent any single character. The wildcard can be used to represent zero to many characters (including no characters). See Search Field Rules for more information on entering search terms. Note that the ISI databases contain the names of all authors/editors associated with a document. Note on Author Names: When performing a search on a cited author, your results may display a shortened version of the last name. Regardless, enter the full last name of the author when searching (if you know it); the Web of Science search engine will automatically adjust for data variations. More information on author names. Author Search Examples: (more examples) Enter CHANDLER to search for articles by any author whose last name is Chandler. Enter CHANDLER N* to search for articles by any author whose last name is Chandler, whose first initial is N, and who may have other subsequent initials (the asterisk stands for possible subsequent initials). Enter CHANDLER ND to search for articles by any author whose last name is Chandler and whose only initials are ND. Enter CHANDLER N* OR WILLIAMS C* to search for articles by either author. Enter CHANDLER N* AND WILLIAMS C* to search for jointly authored articles. Beginning with 1998 data, non-alphanumeric characters (e.g., the apostrophe in O'Brian) and embedded spaces (e.g., the space in the last name de la Rosa) are preserved in many fields in the database. In order to search effectively across multiple years of data, you should be sure to enter search strings that take account of all possible variations of the data. Enter O'BRIAN C* OR OBRIAN C* to search for articles authored by C. D. O'Brian. Enter EL-EBIARY OR ELEBIARY to search for this author (with a hyphenated last name). Enter DE LA ROSA W* OR DELAROSA W* to search for articles authored by W. de la Rosa Source Title Search Field - Enter a full or partial (truncated) source title. You can copy titles from the source list (accessible from the search page). Join multiple titles with the search operator OR. You may use wildcard characters such as the question mark and asterisk to search for variants of words. The question mark can be used to represent any single character. The wildcard can be used to represent zero to many characters (including no characters). For example, if you enter a partial title, end it with an asterisk (e.g., JOURNAL OF MATERIALS *). See Search Field Rules for more information on entering search terms. Source Title Examples: (more examples) Enter JOURNAL OF CELL TRANSPLANTATION to search for articles in this journal. Enter JOURNAL OF CELL * to search for articles in any journal whose name begins with these words. Address Search Field  - Enter an institution and/or place name from an author's address to search for records based on address. Note that institution and place names are frequently abbreviated in the ISI databases. Refer to the lists of abbreviated street address and department/division names, state/country names, and corporate and institution names. Join multiple words or phrases with the Boolean operators AND, OR, NOT, SAME, and SENT. You may use wildcard characters such as the question mark and asterisk to search for variants of words. The question mark can be used to represent any single character. The asterisk can be used to represent zero to many characters (including no characters). See Search Field Rules for more information on entering search terms. Note that certain frequently used address items (e.g., words such as UNIV, MED, PHYS) are not searchable by themselves in the Address field. These disallowed words may be entered as part of an address phrase, such as PENN STATE UNIV. Address Search Examples: (more examples) Enter TUFTS to search for articles in which at least one author has an address that includes TUFTS UNIVERSITY. Enter CDC to search for articles in which at least one author has an address that includes CDC. Enter IBM SAME NY to search for articles in which IBM and NY appear in the same address (to find an author whose address is one of IBM's New York facilities).

Set Limits Two optional restriction lists enable you to limit your search to items written in a specific language or records of a specific document type. You may select one or more options from each list. To select more than one item in a list, Ctrl-click (Windows) or Command-click (Macintosh) each item. Note that these restrictions stay in effect until they are cleared by clicking Clear. Note also that the restrictions do not apply unless you have entered data in at least one search field. Sort Option Sort options include: Latest Date - (The default sort option.) Sorts retrieved records based on the date the publication was processed at ISI, with the most recently processed records listed first. (Up to 500 results returned.) Relevance - Sorts retrieved records based on a ranking system that considers how many of the search terms are found in each record, how frequently the search terms appear, and how close together the occurrences are. Records with the highest ranking appear at the top of the list. (Up to 500 results returned.) Times Cited - Sorts retrieved records based on the number of times the work was cited in other works. (Up to 300 results returned.) First Author - Sorts retrieved records in alphabetical order, based on the last name of the first listed author. (Up to 300 results returned.) Source Title - Sorts retrieved records in alphabetical order, based on the source (e.g., journal) title. (Up to 300 results returned.)

The Search Results Summary page displays a list of records retrieved by a search, with articles identified by the first three authors (et al. is appended to indicate more than three authors), title, and source journal information. At the top of the page, the search fields and their contents are displayed. The total number of records found by your search is displayed at the bottom of the Search Results Summary page. (The Summary page also displays by clicking "Summary" on a full record accessed from the Marked Records page.) To see more information about an article on the list - Click the article title to see the full record for this article in the ISI database. To print or export information about an article Click the checkbox to the left of the author name to select an article. Submit your selection(s) by clicking Submit Marks. (Note: Remember to submit the selected records before leaving the currently displayed page of results.) Click Marked List to display the Marked Records page. (Note: The Marked List button appears in the toolbar after marking records and clicking Submit Marks or after clicking Mark Page or Mark All.) Follow the instructions on this page to print or export one or more records. To order the full text of an article (Note: Availability of this option depends on your institution's subscription.) Click the checkbox to the left of the author name to select an article. Submit your selection(s) by clicking Submit Marks. Click Marked List to display the Marked Records page. (Note: The Marked List button appears in the toolbar after marking records and clicking Submit Marks or after clicking Mark Page or Mark All.) Follow the instructions for the Marked Records page to order the text of an article. To navigate through this list - Click the navigation arrows or the page numbers to move through the data. Note that any marked records will be automatically submitted to the Marked List. To add individual records to your marked list - Click the checkbox to the left of the author name to select each article. Click Submit Marks. (Note: The Marked List button appears in the toolbar after marking records and clicking Submit Marks or after clicking Mark Page or Mark All.) To mark or unmark all 10 items on the page - Click Mark Page. All the records on the page will be marked and the Mark Page button will become Unmark Page. (Note: To clear the entire Marked List click Clear Marked List on the Marked List page or start a New Session.) To mark all items in the summary list - Click Mark All. All the records displayed in the summary list (on all pages) will be marked (up to the maximum allowed). If the number of marked records exceeds the limit allowed, a message will display. (Note: To clear the entire Marked List click Clear Marked List on the Marked List page or start a New Session.) To print this list - Use the print option of your Web browser.

Topic Examples Word/phrase examples Search operator examples Wildcard examples Topic word/phrase examples Some simple examples of topic searches are single words or phrases that describe, as precisely as possible, the subject matter of the article you are looking for. For example: Searching for ROBOTICS returns records containing this word in the title, abstract, or keyword list. Searching for MEDICAL ROBOTICS returns records containing this phrase in the title, abstract, or keyword list. Topic search operator examples Search operators can be used to refine topic searches. For example, the most common operators -- AND and OR -- combine search terms to narrow or broaden your search. The NOT operator can be used to exclude records containing certain words or phrases from your search. AND - Use AND to find records that contain all of your search terms/phrases. For example: Searching for SEROTONIN AND SCHIZOPHRENIA returns records containing both words. Searching for SEROTONIN AND SCHIZOPHRENIA AND DOPAMINE will return records containing all three words. OR - Use the OR operator to find records containing occurrences at least one of the search words or phrases. For example: Searching for CELL OR CELLS returns records containing either the singular or plural form of the word. Searching for AIDS OR HIV OR ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME OR HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS returns records containing any one of these terms or phrases. Searching for SAMUEL L CLEMENS OR MARK TWAIN in the Topic field will return records containing either of these names. NOT - Use the NOT operator to exclude records containing certain words from your search. For example: Searching for SUICIDE NOT PHYSICIAN-ASSISTED returns records containing the word SUICIDE but without the phrase PHYSICIAN-ASSISTED. Searching for SUICIDE NOT (PHYSICIAN-ASSISTED OR DOCTOR-ASSISTED) will further limit your search to records containing the word SUICIDE but without either the phrase PHYSICIAN-ASSISTED or DOCTOR-ASSISTED. The parentheses are used in this example to indicate that the OR operator should be evaluated before the NOT operator. SAME/SENT - Use the SAME or SENT operators to find records in which the search terms joined by SAME or SENT occur within the same sentence (where sentence is understood to be a period-delimited string). (Note: In Keywords and Keywords Plus, both terms must occur within the same keyword phrase – not simply the entire list.) For example: Searching for PRENATAL SAME DISLOCATION returns records containing both of these words in the same sentence (in the title, abstract, or keyword phrase). Topic wildcard examples Wildcards are critical in topic searches to retrieve variants of words. The asterisk wildcard represents any group of characters, including no character. In the Topic field, you must have at least 3 characters before the asterisk. The question mark wildcard represents any single character. You can use these wildcards within and at the ends of terms. For example: Searching for SUPERCONDUCT* returns records containing words like SUPERCONDUCTOR, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY, SUPERCONDUCTORS, SUPERCONDUCTIVE. Searching for SUL*UR returns records containing SULPHUR or SULFUR. Searching for EPINEPHRIN* returns records containing both EPINEPHRIN and EPINEPHRINE. Searching for EN?OBLAST returns records containing both ENDOBLAST and ENTOBLAST. Searching for EPISTAS?S returns records containing both EPISTASIS and EPISTASES. Person/Author Examples Simple examples Search operator examples Wildcard examples Person/Author simple examples Some simple examples of person/author searches are those in which you know the exact spelling of the person's name and can enter that, along with the exact initials. For example: Searching for STEVENS AW as an author returns records for works authored by A.W. Stevens. Person/Author search operator examples Search operators are useful in person/author searches when you want to search for more than one person or more than one spelling of a name. For example: Searching for STEVENS OR STEPHENS as an author returns records for works authored by anyone whose last name is Stevens or Stephens. Searching for OBRIEN OR O'BRIEN returns records for works authored by anyone whose last name is O'Brien. Person/Author wildcard examples Wildcards are useful in person/author searches to retrieve records when you do not know the exact spelling of a person's name or an author's exact initials. The asterisk wildcard represents any group of characters, including no character. The question mark wildcard represents any single character. You can use these wildcards within and at the ends of terms. For example: Searching for YAO?ANG returns records with an author whose last name is a variation with any letter in the place of the question mark (e.g., YAOBANG or YAOPANG). Searching for BART* returns records with an author whose last names are or start with BART (e.g., BART, BARTE, BARTH, BARTHE, BARTHES). This use of the asterisk is helpful when you do not know the exact spelling of a person's name. Searching for HOFFMAN E* returns records with an author whose last name is HOFFMAN, whose first initial is E, and who may have other initials after E (including no other initials). Unless you are sure that you know all the initials associated with an author's name, you should get in the habit of placing an asterisk after the initial(s) you enter. Keep in mind that searching for HOFFMAN E will retrieve only records for authors with that single initial. It will not retrieve articles by authors such as E.T. HOFFMAN or E.T.A. HOFFMAN. Also, searching for HOFFMAN ET will not retrieve records where the author is listed as HOFFMAN E. Source Title Examples Wildcards are useful in Source Title searches to retrieve records when you do not know the entire or exact title of a journal. The asterisk wildcard represents any group of characters, including no character. The question mark wildcard represents any single character. You can use these wildcards within and at the ends of terms. For example: Searching for ARCHITECT* returns records for journals whose titles begin with words that start with ARCHITECT and end with any group of letters, including no letters, such as ARCHITECTURE, ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW, ARCHITECTURAL DIGEST, ARCHITECTURA, and ARCHITECTURE & URBANISM. Searching for CH?MI* returns records for journals whose titles begin with words such as CHEMIST, CHEMISTRY, CHEMICAL, CHIMIA, CHIMICA, and CHEMIE. Place/Address Examples Simple examples Search operator examples Wildcard examples Place/Address simple examples Some simple examples of place searches are those in which you want to find articles whose authors are associated with a single company, research lab, or university. In this case, you can enter an institution name or abbreviation. For example: Searching for SANDIA returns records for works authored by researchers at Sandia National Laboratories. Searching for IBM returns records for works authored by researchers at IBM. Searching for SANDOZ returns records authored by researchers at Sandoz. Searching for DREXEL returns records authored by researchers at Drexel University. Place/Address search operator examples Search operators are useful in place/address searches to search for single addresses. If an article has multiple authors, all author addresses are included in the address field, with each address ending with a period. In order to search most effectively for a single address within the field, you can use the search operator SAME to limit your search to records containing the specified search terms within the same sentence, where a sentence is assumed to be a period-delimited string. SAME is more useful than AND in this case, because AND operates across the entire field (thus, in some cases, across multiple addresses). For example: Searching for SO CALIF* AND VIENNA returns records that contain these two items (Southern California and Vienna) anywhere in the address field, even if the words appear in different authors' addresses. Searching for THOMAS SAME WATSON returns records that contain these two words within the same address (e.g., authors whose address is IBM's THOMAS J WATSON RESEARCH CENTER). Place/Address wildcard examples Wildcards are useful in place/address searches to retrieve records when you do not know the exact spelling of a corporate/institution name or the way in which it may have been abbreviated in the database. The asterisk wildcard represents any group of characters, including no character. The question mark wildcard represents any single character. You can use these wildcards within and at the ends of terms. For example: Searching for UNIV* MIAMI SAME PED* returns records where the University of Miami and any word starting with the letters PED are in the same address. Even though "univ" is a stopword in the address field, it can be used as part of a phrase. Searching for CHILDREN* HOSP* SAME PHILA* returns records with Childrens Hospital in Philadelphia as an address.

Stopwords are frequently used words such as articles (e.g., a, an, the), prepositions (e.g., of, in, for, through), and pronouns (e.g., it, their, his) that may be included in topic search phrases but are not explicitly searchable. For example, entering THROUGH THE LOOKING GLASS in the Topic field will return records that include the phrase LOOKING GLASS preceded by any two words. The stopwords THROUGH and THE are treated as wildcards that match any two words. Because stopwords are not explicitly searchable, you should not enter search phrases composed entirely of stopwords. Such searches will return no results. The following words are considered stopwords. Note that this list is subject to change. A-D A ABOUT ABOVE ACCORDING ACROSS ACTUAL ADDED AFTER AGAINST AHEAD ALL ALMOST ALONE ALONG ALSO AMONG AMONGST AN AND AND-OR AND/OR ANON ANOTHER ANY ARE ARISING AROUND AS AT AWARD AWAY BE BECAUSE BECOME BECOMES BEEN BEFORE BEHIND BEING BELOW BEST BETTER BETWEEN BEYOND BIRTHDAY BOTH BUT BY CAN CERTAIN COME COMES COMING COMPLETELY CONCERNING CONSIDER CONSIDERED CONSIDERING CONSISTING DE DEPARTMENT DER DESPITE DISCUSSION DO DOES DOESNT DOING DOWN DR DU DUE DURING E-R EACH EITHER ESPECIALLY ET FEW FOR FORWARD FROM FURTHER GET GIVE GIVEN GIVING HAS HAVE HAVING HIS HONOR HOW IN INSIDE INSTEAD INTO IS IT ITEMS ITS JUST LET LETS LITTLE LOOK LOOKS MADE MAKE MAKES MAKING MANY MEET MEETS MORE MOST MUCH MUST MY NEAR NEARLY NEXT NOT NOW OF OFF ON ONLY ONTO OR OTHER OUR OUT OUTSIDE OVER OVERALL PER POSSIBLY PT PUT REALLY REGARDING REPRINTED S-Z SAME SEEN SEVERAL SHOULD SHOWN SINCE SO-CALLED SOME SPP STUDIES STUDY SUCH TAKE TAKEN TAKES TAKING THAN THAT THE THEIR THEM THEN THERE THEREFROM THESE THEY THIS THOSE THROUGH THROUGHOUT TO TOGETHER TOWARD TOWARDS UNDER UNDERGOING UP UPON UPWARD VARIOUS VERSUS VERY VIA VOL VOLS VS WAS WAY WAYS WE WERE WHAT WHATS WHEN WHERE WHICH WHILE WHITHER WHO WHOM WHOS WHOSE WHY WITH WITHIN WITHOUT YET YOU YOUR

Some words and abbreviations occur so frequently in addresses that searching on these words by themselves is disallowed. For example, entering UNIV by itself in the Address field, would search for every record in which at least one author had a university address containing the UNIV abbreviation. The number of results returned would be so large as to be useless. For this reason, using any of these words or abbreviations by themselves in the Address field will generate an error indicating the query was not understood. Joining disallowed words with the OR operator also generates an error, unless the words are used in conjunction with an allowed word. For example, you may not search for UNIV OR PENN, but you may search for UNIV PENN OR UNIV PA. The following words are, by default, disallowed in the Address field (when used by themselves). Note that the list is configurable and therefore may be different at your site. CHEM COLL CTR D DEPT DIV ENGN HOSP INST LAB MED PHYS RES SCH SCI ST UNIV